Else Vellinga

Work Address: Department of Plant and Microbial Biology 311/321 Koshland Hall University of California Berkeley California 94720-3102 (510) 643-5483 email: ecvellinga@comcast.net

My motivation for mycological research has always been a desire to conserve the richness of nature. But in order to conserve nature we must first be able to assess what is present. The main questions I ask are: ‘what is out there and what is its name’ and secondly ‘what is it doing’. Fungi have always been stepmotherly treated in biological science, and there is a LOT unknown and to discover!

I am working on one mushroom group, viz. ‘lepiotaceous’ fungi, the beautiful white-spored members of the family Agaricaceae, focusing on taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of a subset of them. They are represented with many species in California, and their diversity and richness in (sub)tropical areas is impressive. Thanks to a grant from the National Science Foundation a project to document the Californian diversity of this group is on its way, and collaborative projects on the lepiotaceous flora of Hawaii with Dr Don Hemmes, and Panama with Dr. Ulrich Mueller, are now in progress. Phongeun Sysouphanthong, a student from Laos working at the Mushroom Research Centre in northern Thailand, is tackling this group there. My time is divided between the microscope, the computer and the lab bench!

We know very little about the ecology of these fungi. Also their distribution is hardly known. I wrote an overview article about what is known, and in which areas more research is badly needed. For instance, we do not know how long an individual lives, how often it can produce fruitbodies, what the fruitbody formation actually triggers, and why certain species are widespread and others confined to one small area.

Teaching is one way to share my knowledge of and enthusiasm for mushrooms. Tom Bruns and I have taught the class Introduction to California mushrooms, PMB113. You are also welcome to come to the lab with your lawn and garden mushrooms and have them identified!

Several of my data files and keys are now available on this web site. These will be regularly updated and new keys and check lists will appear, so come back and check it out!

• Nomenclatural Overview of Lepiotaceous Fungi. Version 4.7. February 2009.
  A pdf file, listing c. 1400 epithets published in Lepiota and allied genera (white spored and green spored members of the Agaricaceae).
  
  
• Nomenclatural Overview of the Genera in the Agaricaceae (Fr.) Chev. Version 4.1. February 2009.
  A pdf file listing all names for the genera in the Agaricaceae; agaricoid, gasteroid and secotioid members are included.
  
  
• Bibliography of North American ‘Lepiota’ species [genera Lepiota, Cystolepiota, Leucoagaricus, Leucocoprinus, Macrolepiota, Chlorophyllum, Melanophyllum]
  
  
• Key to the genera in the Agaricaceae in California, using macroscopical and microscopical characters.
  
  
• Key to the species of Chlorophyllum species in North America.
  
  
• Key to the species of Cystolepiota in western North America.
  
  
• Profiles of California lepiotaceous fungi. Lepiota castaneidisca.
  
  
• Profiles of California lepiotaceous fungi. Lepiota decorata.
  
  
• Profiles of California lepiotaceous fungi. Lepiota scaberula.
  
  
• Profiles of California lepiotaceous fungi. Lepiota spheniscispora.
  
  
• Mushroom of the month: Dead man’s foot – September 2007
  
  
• Mushroom of the month: Shagginess in the Bay Area – September 2008

Publications

• Else C. Vellinga, Phongeun Sysouphanthong and Kevin D. Hyde. 2011. The family Agaricaceae: phylogenies and two new white-spored genera. Mycologia 103(3): 494–509. DOI: 10.3852/10-204. [cover photo]
  
  
• Else C. Vellinga. 2010. Lepiota in California: species with a hymeniform pileus covering. Mycologia 102: 664-674. doi: 10.3852/09-180.
  
  
• Thomas D. Bruns, Lisa C. Grubisha, James M. Trappe, Jennifer F. Kerekes and Else C. Vellinga. 2010. Suillus quiescens, a new species commonly found in the spore bank in California and Oregon. Mycologia 102(2): 438–446.
  
  
• Else C. Vellinga, Marco Contu and Alfredo Vizzini. 2010. Leucoagaricus decipiens and La. erythrophaeus, a new species pair in sect. Piloselli. Mycologia 102(2): 447-454.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C., 2009. Pseudobaeospora aphana, a new species from California, U.S.A.  Mycologia  101(2): 243–246. DOI: 10.3852/07-204.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C., B.E. Wolfe & A. Pringle, 2009. Global patterns of ectomycorrhizal introductions. New Phytologist 181: 960-973.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C. & W.J. Sundberg. 2008. Lepiotaceous fungi in California, U.S.A. – 6. Lepiota castanescens.  Mycotaxon 103: 97-108.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C., 2007. Lepiotaceous fungi in California, U.S.A. – 5. Lepiota oculata and its look-alikes. Mycotaxon 102: 267-280.
  
  
• Matheny, P.B., E.C. Vellinga, N.L. Bougher, O. Ceska, P.-A. Moreau, M.A. Neves & J.F. Ammirati, 2007. Taxonomy of displaced species of Tubaria. Mycologia 99(4): 569–585.
  
  
• Matheny, P.B. et al., 2007. Major clades of Agaricales: a multilocus phylogenetic overview. Mycologia 98: 982-995.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C., 2007.   Lepiotaceous fungi in California, U.S.A. – 4. Type studies of Lepiota fumosifolia and L. petasiformis. Mycotaxon 98: 225-232.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C., 2007.   Lepiotaceous fungi in California, U.S.A. – 3. Pink and lilac species in Leucoagaricus sect. Piloselli. Mycotaxon 98: 213-224.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C., 2007 Lepiotaceous fungi in California, U.S.A. – 2. Lepiota rhodophylla. Mycotaxon 98: 205-211.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C. & R.M. Davis, 2007. Lepiotaceous fungi in California, U.S.A. – 1. Leucoagaricus amanitoides. Mycotaxon 98: 197-204.
  
  
• Pringle, A. & E.C. Vellinga, 2006. Last chance to know? Using literature to explore the biogeography and invasion biology of the death cap mushroom Amanita phalloides (Vaill. ex Fr. :Fr.) Link. Biological Invasions 8: 1131-1144.
  
  
• Noordeloos, M.E., Th.W. Kuyper & E.C. Vellinga (eds) (2005). “Flora Agaricina Neerlandica 6”. 227 pp.
  
  
• Lange, C & E.C. Vellinga, 2004. Rabarber-parasolhat holder flyttedag – molekylær-genetiske studier omkring slægten Macrolepiota. Svampe 50: 23-42.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C. (2004). Ecology and distribution of lepiotaceous fungi – a review. Nova Hedwigia 78: 273-299.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C. (2004). Genera in the family Agaricaceae – Evidence from nrITS and nrLSU sequences. Mycological Research 108: 354-377.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C. (2003). Phylogeny of Lepiota (Agaricaceae) - Evidence from nrITS and nrLSU sequences. Mycological Progress 2 (4): 305-322.
  The phylogeny of Lepiota, Cystolepiota, Melanophyllum, Coprinus comatus, and Chamaemyces fracidus was examined with molecular techniques, and the consequences for morphological classification were considered. This group (excluding Chamaemyces fracidus and Coprinus comatus and allies) can be split up into several clades, which do not correspond to currently recognized genera, subgenera and sections. Structure of the pileus covering appears to be a key morphological character; colour and shape of the spores do not reflect the new phylogeny. Lepiota sect. Ovisporae is not monophyletic, and a separate genus for Cystolepiota, Lepiota sect. Echinatae, Melanophyllum and Pulverolepiota combined seems warranted. More research, especially on developmental morphology and on more tropical taxa, will be necessary to solidly erect a new classification.
  
  
• Else C. Vellinga, Rogier P. J. de Kok and Thomas D. Bruns. (2003). Phylogeny and taxonomy of Macrolepiota (Agaricaceae). Mycologia 95(3): 442-456.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C. (2003). Chlorophyllum and Macrolepiota (Agaricaceae) in Australia. Australian Systematic Botany 16: 361-370.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C. (2003). “Type studies in Agaricaceae – the complex of Chlorophyllum rachodes.” Mycotaxon 85: 259-270.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C. & Z.-L. Yang (2003). “Volvolepiota and Macrolepiota – Macrolepiota velosa, a new species from China.” Mycotaxon 85: 183-186.
    A new volvate Macrolepiota species from China, M. velosa, is described, and Volvolepiota is synonymized with Macrolepiota. Two new names in Macrolepiota are proposed, viz. M. pulchella for V. brunnea, and M. brunnescens for V. albida.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C. (2003). Chlorophyllum en Macrolepiota in Nederland. Nieuwe inzichten door moleculair onderzoek. Coolia 46: 177-188.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C. (2002). ”New combinations in Chlorophyllum.” Mycotaxon 83: 415-417.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C. & R.P.J. de Kok (2002). “(1539) Proposal to conserve the name Chlorophyllum Massee against Endoptychum Czern.” Taxon 51: 563-564.
  
  
• Noordeloos, M.E., Th. W. Kuyper and E.C. Vellinga (eds) (2001). "Flora Agaricina Neerlandica 5". With the following contributions by E.C. Vellinga: Chamaemyces, Chlorophyllum, Cystolepiota, Lepiota, Leucoagaricus, Leucocoprinus, Macrolepiota, and Melanophyllum.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C. (2001). "Studies in Lepiota IV. Lepiota cristata and L. castaneidisca". Mycotaxon 80: 297-306.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C. (2001). "Studies in Lepiota III. Some species from California, U.S.A." Mycotaxon 80: 285-296.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C. (2001). "Lepiota clypeolaria, I presume?" McIlvainea 14 (2): 41-45.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C. (2001). "Notulae ad Floram Agaricinam Neerlandicam. - XXXVIII. Leucoagaricus subgenus Sericeomyces". Persoonia 17 (3): 473-480.
    Leucoagaricus crystallifer spec. nov. is described; this species was formerly known as L. serenus in the interpretation of Bon and other authors. Leucoagaricus serenus sensu Kühner is neotypified, and the following new combinations are made: Leucoagaricus sericifer, and L. sericifer f. sericatellus.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C. (2000). "Notes on Lepiota and Leucoagaricus. Type studies on Lepiota magnispora, Lepiota barssii, and Agaricus americanus". Mycotaxon 76: 429-438.
    Type studies on some North American Lepiota species reveal that several well-known European names have to be changed. 1. Lepiota magnispora replaces L. ventriosospora 2. Leucoagaricus barssii comb. nov. is an older name for L. pinguipes and L. macrorhizus; and 3. Leucoagaricus americanus comb. nov. replaces L. bresadolae.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C. (2000). "Which Lepiotas are toxic?" Mushroom the Journal 18 (69): 33-34.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C. (2000). "Mushroom recording in the Netherlands. What can 900,000 data tell us?" Mycologia helvetica 11 (1): 99-119.
    The Netherlands Mycological Society has gathered over 900,000 records in the 18 years its mushroom recording project has been in existence. In this time virtually the whole of the Netherlands has been inventoried to some degree. Much is known about the distribution, fruiting patterns and changes over time of the easily recognizable fleshy fungi, but proper interpretation of the data requires attention to biases in how they were acquired. Suitable methods of using the data are described. Emphasis on inconspicuous, and generally unappealing fungi is now needed and entering old data is an urgent priority.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C. (1999). "Een exoot in een tropisch zwemparadijs". Mededelingen Antwerpse Mykologische Kring 99: 62-63.
  
  
• Bas, C., Th.W. Kuyper, M.E. Noordeloos and E.C. Vellinga (eds) (1999). "Flora Agaricina Neerlandica 4". With the following contributions by E.C. Vellinga: Baeospora, Pholiota subgenus Kuehneromyces, and Psilocybe subgenus Melanotus.
  
  
• Vellinga, E. C. (1999). "An American in a Belgian swimming pool." Mycologist 13(2): 50-53.
    Modern swimming pools are decorated with tropical plants, such as palms and Ficus species, to enhance the exotic character. Agarics are not part of the deal, but sometimes they do crop up. What was the identity of this white fungus popping up around a Belgian swimming pool?
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C. & H.A. Huijser (1998). "Lepiota xanthophylla and its greenhouse counterpart." Bollettino Gruppo micologico G. Bresadola, n.S. 40 (2-3): 457-464.
  
  
• Vellinga, E. C. and H. A. Huijser (1998). "Studies in Lepiota. I. species with a hymeniform pileus covering." Belgian Journal of Botany 131(2): 191-210.
  
  
• Vellinga, E. C., A. E. Franco-Molano, et al. (1998). "Studies in Lepiota. II. Lepiota rubella." Sydowia 50(2): 272-277.
    Two European greenhouse species, Lepiota rubella and L. bettinae, are synonymized. Lepiota rubella is recorded for the first time with certainty from natural habitats in South America and the Caribbean Islands.
  
  
• de Kok, R. P. J. and E. C. Vellinga (1998). "Notulae ad Floram agaricinam neerlandicam - XXXII: Macrolepiota." Persoonia 17(1): 69-79.
    Critical notes on the taxonomy and nomenclature of the Dutch Macrolepiota species with ring with double crown are given. Macrolepiota bohemica (Wichansky) Krieglst. & Pazmany is regarded as a synonym of M. rachodes (Vitt.) Sing. The new combination M. rachodes f. olivieri (Barla) de Kok is made. Macrolepiota mastoidea (Fr.: Fr.) Sing., M. gracilenta (Fr.) Mos. and M. rickenii (Velen.) Bellu & Lanzoni are synonymized. Macrolepiota permixta (Barla) Mos. is considered merely a variant of M. procera (Scop.: Fr.) Sing.; notes on the nomenclature of M. nympharum (Kalchbr.) Wasser are presented. Agaricus emplastrum Cooke & Mass. and A. tepidarius Weinm. are regarded as nomina dubia.
  
  
• Vellinga, E. C. (1998). "Tricks to identify Pluteus species." Coolia 41(2): 74-77.
    The best character to distinguish several problematic Pluteus species is to be found in the pileipellis. The pileipellis of Pluteus nanus is made up of loosely arranged clavate to spheropedunculate cells, whereas in P. phlebophorus the cells are more truncate, and covered by a hyaline layer. P. pouzarianus the look-alike of P. cervinus, but growing on coniferous wood, has a pileipellis with an upper hyaline layer, and a lower pigmented layer, and the elements here have clamp-connections. P. cervinus' pileipellis is entirely made up of coloured elements, which lack clamp-connections.
  
  
• van Den Berg, A. and E. C. Vellinga (1998). "Leucoagaricus meleagris: A vivid story of a colorful mushroom." Coolia 41(1): 35-38.
  
  
• Vellinga, E. C. and H. A. Huijser (1998). "Notes on Cystolepiota: Sections Cystolepiota and Pulverolepiota." Persoonia 16(PT4): 513-526.
  
  
• Vellinga, E. C. and H. A. Huijser (1997). "Color and smell of parasol mushrooms." Coolia 40(4): 244-260.
    An introduction to the group of Lepiota s.l. is presented. The important characters for classification and identification are briefly discussed. Notes on ecology are provided; available literature is given, and problems in identification are pointed out.
  
  
• Vellinga, E. C. (1997). "Distribution of fungi found on Terschelling Island." Coolia 40(3): 154-157.
    The Netherlands Mycological Society spent a weekend in November 1996 on the Frisian Island of Terschelling, where pine woods, grasslands, dune slacks, and open sanddunes were explored. Around 370 species were recorded, ranging from ectomycorrhizal species, like Cortinarius mucosus and Tricholoma focale, which have become very rare, to dung inhabiting species, like Psilocybe liniformans, which seem to be expanding.
  
  
• Vellinga, E. C. (1996). "Flammulina velutipes in the Netherlands." Mycologist 10(4): 167-172.
    The Velvet Shank enlivens with bright colours the wintery dark trunks of tees along busy streets. When snow is drifting, the mycologist knows that somewhere this fungus is waiting for milder weather to go on sporulating. But where is it to be found, and on which trees, and when does it start fruiting? This paper sets out to answer these questions for the Netherlands and to compare the situation there with Great Britain and other parts of Europe.
  
  
• Vellinga, E. C. and M. M. Nauta (1996). "Found in foliage." Coolia 39(2): 70-73.
    Coccomyces tumidus was found on Quercus leaves in the dune area west of Haarlem. This is, as far as known, the third record of this species in the Netherlands. This member of the Rhytismataceae is characterized by its spores: 30-34 times 2.2-3.4 mu-m, which are slightly curved and tapering to the base, the circinate paraphyses, and the subcuticular development.
  
  
• Vellinga, E. C. and J. Lennie (1996). "Special discoveries and observations." Coolia 39(1): 34-35.
  
  
• Bas, C., Th.W. Kuyper, M.E. Noordeloos and E.C. Vellinga (eds) (1995). "Flora Agaricina Neerlandica 3. With the following contributions by E.C. Vellinga: Catathelasma, Laccaria, and Panellus.
  
  
• Nauta, M.M. and E.C. Vellinga (1995). "Atlas van Nederlandse Paddestoelen".
    The distribution, ecology, and fruiting patterns of 350 mushroom species in the Netherlands are described; changes in occurrence, both in spatial distribution and in numbers are discussed.
  
  
• Nauta, M. and E. C. Vellinga (1994). "Fungi from Arnhem to Wageningen." Coolia 37(1): 23-27.
    The distribution and ecology in the Netherlands of two species, occurring in the south part of "the Veluwe" is given. Amanita gemmata occurs mostly in woods on nutrient-poor sandy soil, and forms ectomycorrhiza preferably with Pinus. The species is still rather common although declining through air-pollution and subsequent changes in vegetation in woods. Melanophyllum haentatophyllum prefers nutrient-rich environments and shows a distribution different from Amanita gemmata. it is recorded from woods, parks and gardens along the main rivers, in the inner dune region, and in southern Limburg. The species has declined in the past, but the situation is now stable.
  
  
• Vellinga, E. C. and H. A. Huijser (1993). "Notulae ad floram agaricinam neerlandicam: XXI. Lepiota section Stenosporae." Persoonia 15(2): 223-240.
    Descriptions are given of five species of Lepiota sect. Stenosporae with grey-brown to dark green pileus. Lepiota tomentella sensu Candusso & Lanzoni (1990) is described as L. pilodes Vellinga & Huijser and L. griseovirens sensu Reid (1972) as L. poliochloodes Vellinga & Huijser. Lepiota pseudofelina J. Lange is regarded as a nomen dubium. Lepiota fulvella Rea is synonymous with L. boudieri Bres.
  
  
• Vellinga, E. C. (1993). "Let's begin with: Dacrymyces stillatus." Coolia 36(2): 60-63.
  
  
• Vellinga, E. C. (1993). "Report of the Eleventh Congress of European Mycologists, Kew (England, UK), September 7-11, 1992." Coolia 36(1): 30-31.
  
  
• Vellinga, E. C. (1992). "Notulae Ad Floram Agaricinam Neerlandicam .18. Some Notes On Cystolepiota and Lepiota." Persoonia 14(P4): 407-415.
  
  
• Stijve, T., E. C. Vellinga, et al. (1990). "Arsenic Accumulation in Some Higher Fungi." Persoonia 14(P2): 161-166.
  
  
• Mueller, G. M. and E. C. Vellinga (1990). "Taxonomic and Nomenclatural Notes On Laccaria B-and-Br .3. Laccaria-Amethystina and L-Impolita." Mycotaxon 37(APR-): 385-388.

Publications in newsletters

• Vellinga, E.C., 2009. The intricate story of the Late Potato Blight. Mycena News 60 (01): 1, 6-7.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C., 2008. Wood chip fungi: Agrocybe putaminum in the San Francisco Bay Area. Fungi 1 (4): 5, 37-39.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C., 2008. A mycolegium of truffle literature. Fungi 1 (3): 31-33.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C., 2008. Fungal Genomes. Mycena News 59 (07): 1, 8-9.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C., 2008. A mycological florilegium of systematic literature ~ 2005-2008. Fungi 1 (2): 19-22.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C., 2008. A Mycological Florilegium of the Phylogenetic Literature: Looks Deceive. Fungi 1(1): 21-23.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C., 2008. Het lot van de Ridderzwammenfamilie in het moleculaire tijdperk. Coolia 51: 77-81. (‘The fate of the Tricholomataceae in the molecular age’)
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C., 2008. Fungal snares and other sticky ends. Mycena News 59 (02): 1 & 6.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C., 2008. Fishing for fungi: from the deep sea to the high mountains. Mycena News 59 (01): 1 & 6.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C., 2007. More mushrooms thanks to climate change? Mycena News 58 (9): 1 & 7.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C., 2007. A mycological florilegium: fungal communities. McIlvainea 17 (1): 27-32.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C., 2007. Mycorrhizal sulfur tufts? Mycena News 58 (5): 1 & 7.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C., (‘2006’) 2007. What ever happened to the Shaggy Parasol? McIlvainea 16 (2): 11-17.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C., 2007. Spore guns. Mycena News 58 (02): 1 & 4-5.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C., 2007. Fruits of the forest. Mycena News 58 (01): 1 & 4.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C., 2006. Chlorophyllum in Great Britain. Field Mycologist 7: 136-140.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C., 2006. Termite balls and cuckoo eggs. Mycena News 57 (11): 1 & 4.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C., 2006. Mushrooms in the waves. Mycena News 57 (10): 1-2, 6.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C., B. de la Houssaye, R.L. Brace & V. Evenson, 2006. Paragyrodon a mid-western endemic? McIlvainea 16 (1): 19-21.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C., 2006. A florilegium of mycological literature. McIlvainea 16 (1): 6-12.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C., 2006. Dead man’s foot. Mycena News 57 (05): 1, 5.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C., 2006. Mighty mites and nifty mushrooms. Mycena News 57 (02): 1-2.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C., 2006. The what-where-and-when question. Mycena News 57 (01): 1, 4-5.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C., 2006. A very special place. Mycena News 57 (01): 6 & 8.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C., 2005. The lichen/non-lichen connection. Mycena News 56 (9): 1 (has 56 (5) on cover).
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C., 2005. Of flies and fungi. Mycena News 56 (4): 1, 4.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C., 2005. The question is blowing in the wind. Mycena News 56 (2): 1, 4.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C., 2004. Psst…. Let’s talk smut today. Mycena News 55 (11): 1, 4-5.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C., 2004. Slow but certain success. Mycena News 55 (4): 3.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C., 2004. The biggest mushroom? Mycena News 55 (4): 1-2.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C., 2004. Blue-ribbon mushrooms. Mycophile 45 (3): 1 & 10.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C., 2004. Fungal jubilation in the death of a pine. Mycena News 55 (1): 1, 4-5.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C., 2003. Fungal archipelagos. Mycena News 54 (11): 1 & 4.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C., 2003. Algae of the world unite – You have nothing to lose but your hyphae. Mycena News 54 (5): 1 & 7.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C., 2003. Down to the fungus farm. Mycena News 54 (2): 1 & 3.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C., 2002. Underground intimacies. Mycena News 53 (11): 1 & 3.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C., 2001. Just around the corner. Mycena News 52 (12): 3.
  
  
• Vellinga, E.C., (2000) 2001. Lepiota clypeolaria, I presume? McIlvainea 14 (2): 41-45.

Acknowledgment

We gratefully acknowledge grant 0618293, Leucoagaricus and Leucocoprinus: Phylogeny and Classification of Litter Saprotrophs in the Agaricaceae, from the National Science Foundation. Without this support much of the work listed above would not have been possible.

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