Published Literature


Reference List Index 


A Selection of Published Literature

Interventions

Copyright & Disclaimer


Prevention

Treatment


Prevention

Overview & Reviews

Baronowski,T, Mendelein J, Resnicow K, Frank E, Cullen K, Baranowski J. Physical activity and nutrition in children and youth: an overview of obesity prevention. Prev Med 2000a;31:S1 – S10.

Glenny AM, O’Meara S, Melville A, Sheldon TA, Wilson C. The treatment and prevention of obesity: a systematic review of the literature. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1997;21:715-37.

Jackson MY, Proulx JM, Pelican S. Obesity prevention. Am J Clin Nutr 1991;53:1625S-1630S.

Washington RL. Interventions to reduce cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents. Am Fam Physician 1999;59;2211-8.

World Health Organization (WHO). Report of a WHO consultation on obesity. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1998.

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Family-Based Prevention

Basdevant A, Boute D, Borys JM. Who should be educated? Education strategies: could children educate their parents? Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1999;23:S10-S13.

Fitzgibbons ML, Stolley MR, Kirschenbaum, DS. An obesity prevention pilot program for African-American mothers and daughters. Journal of Nutrition Education 1995;27:93-9.

Nader P, Sallis J, Patterson T, Abramson I, Rupp J, Senn K, et al. Family approach to cardiovascular risk reduction: results from the San Diego Family Health project. Health Education Quarterly 1989; 16(2): 229-244.

Nader PR, Sellers DE, Johnson CC, Perry CL, Stone EJ, Cook KC, Bebchuk J, Luepker RV. The effect of adult participation in a school-based family intervention to improve children’s diet and physical activity: the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health. Prev Med 1996;25:455-64.

Perry CL, Luepker RV, Murray DM, Kurth C, Mullis R, Crockett S, Jacobs DR Jr. Parent involvement with children’s health promotion: the Minnesota Home Team. Am J Public Health 1988;78:1156-60.

Stolley M, Fitzgibbon M. Effects of an obesity prevention program on the eating behavior of African American mothers and daughters. Health Educ Behav 1997;24:152-64.

Taggart AC, Taggart J, Siedentop D. Effects of a home-based activity program. A study with low fitness elementary school children. Behav Mod 1986;10:487-507.

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School-based Prevention

Arbeit et al. The Heart Smart cardiovascular school health promotion: Behavior correlates of risk factor change. Preventive Medicine, 1992; 21(1):18-32.

Auld GW, Romaniello C, Heimendinger J, Hambidge C, Hambidge M. Outcomes from a school-based nutrition education program alternating special resource teachers and classroom teachers. J Sch Health 1999;69:403-8.

Baranowski T, Davis M, Resnicow K, Baranowski J, Doyle C, Lin LS, Smith, Wang DT. Gimme 5 fruit, juice, and vegetables for fun and health: outcome evaluation. Health Education and Behavior 2000;27:96-111.

Botvin GJ, Cantlon A, Carter BJ, Williams CL. Reducing adolescent obesity through a school health program. J Pediatr 1979;95:1060-2.

Brook U, Tepper I. High school students’ attitudes and knowledge of food consumption and body image: implications for school based education. Patient Educ Couns 1997;30;283-8.

Broussard BA. Presentation of the early results of the Pathways intervention. Satellite Conference on the Increasing Prevalence of Type II Diabetes in Children. Sponsored by the University of Birmingham and the US Department of Health and Human Services. May 30, 2001.

Contento IR, Manning AD, Shannon BM. Research perspective on school-based nutrition education. J Nutr Educ 1992;24:247-60.

Davis SM, Going SB, Helitzer DL, Teufel NI, Snyder P, Gittelsohn J, Metcalfe L, Arviso V, Evans M, Smyth M, Brice R, Altaha J. Pathways: a culturally appropriate obesity-prevention program for American Indian schoolchildren. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1999;69:796S-802S.

Edmundson E, Parcel G, Feldman H, Elder J, Perry C, Johnson C, et al. The effects of the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health upon psychosocial determinants of diet and physical activity behavior. Prev Med 1996;25:442-54.

Flores R. Dance for health: Improving fitness in African American and Hispanic Adolescents. Public Health Rep 1995;110:189-93.

Foster GD, Wadden TA, Brownell KD. Peer-led program for the treatment and prevention of obesity in the schools. J Consult Clin Psychol 1985;53:538-40.

French SA, Story M, Jeffery RW, Snyder P, Eisenberg M, Sidebottom A, Murray D. Pricing strategy to promote fruit and vegetable purchase in high school cafeterias. J Am Diet Assoc 1997;97:1008-10.

Gortmaker SL, Cheung WY, Peterson KE, Chomitz G, Cradle JH, Dart H, Fox MK, Bullock RB, Sobol AM, Colditz G, Field AE, Laird N. Impact of a school-based interdisciplinary intervention on diet and physical activity among urban primary school children, Eat Well and Keep Moving. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1999;153: 975-83.

Gortmaker SL, Peterson K, Wiecha J, Sobol AM, Dixit S, Fox MK, Laird N. Reducing obesity via a school-based interdisciplinary intervention among youth: Planet Health. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1999b;153:409-18.

Harrell JS, Gansky SA, McMurray RG, Bangdiwala SI, Frauman AC, Bradley CB. School-based interventions improve heart health in children with multiple cardiovascular disease risk factors. Pediatrics 1998;102:371-80.

Holcomb JD, Lira J, Kingery PM, Smith DW, Lane D, Goodway J. Evaluation of Jump Into Action: a program to reduce the risk of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in school children on the Texas-Mexico border. J Sch Health 1998;68:282-8.

Leslie J, Yancey A, McCarthy W, Albert S, Wert C, Miles O, James J. Development and implementation of a school-based nutrition and fitness promotion program for ethnically diverse middle school girls. Pacific Institute for Women’s Health. Health Promotion, Prevention and Access to Health Services Program. October 1998.

Luepker RV, Perry CL, McKinlay SM, et al. Outcomes of a field trial to improve children’s dietary patterns and physical activity: The Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health (CATCH). Journal of the American Medical Association, volume 275, no. 10, pages 768-776, March 13, 1996.

Lytle LA, et al. Lessons from the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health interventions with children. Curr Opin Lipid 1998; 9:29-33.

Lytle L, Stone E, Nichaman M, Perry C, Montgomery D, Nicklas T, et al. Changes in nutrient intakes of elementary school children following a school-based intervention: results from the CATCH Study. Prev Med 1996;25:442–54.

McKenzie T, Nader P, Strikmiller P, Yang M, Stone E, Perry C, et al. School physical education: Effect of the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health. Prev Med 1996;25:423-31.

Nader PR, Stone EJ, Lytle LA, Perry CL, Stavroula KO, Kelder S, Webber LS, Elder JP, Montgomery D, Feldman HA, Wu M, Johnson C, Parcel GS, and Luepker RV. Three-Year Maintenance of Improved Diet and Physical Activity. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1999;153:695-704.

Neumark-Sztainer D, Martin SL, Story M. Program for Obesity Prevention: "What Do Adolescents Recommend?" American Journal of Health Promotion 2000;14:232-5.

Nicklas T, Johnson C, Myers L, Farris R, Cunningham A. Outcomes of a High School Program to Increase Fruit and Vegetable Consumption: Gimme 5 – A Fresh Nutrition Concept for Students. J School Health 1998;68:248-53.

Resnicow K. School-based obesity prevention: population versus high-risk interventions. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1993;699:154-66.

Resnicow K, Robinson TN. School-based cardiovascular disease prevention studies: review and synthesis. Ann Epidemiol 1997;S7:S14-S31.

Reynolds KD, Franklin FA, Binkly D, Raczynski JM, Harrington KF, Kirk KA, Person S. Increasing the fruit and vegetable consumption of fourth-graders: results from the High 5 project. Prev Med 2000;30:309-19.

Robinson TN. Reducing children’s television viewing to prevent obesity: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 1999b;282:1561-7.

Sallis JF, Chen AH, Castro CM. School-based interventions for childhood obesity. In: Cheung LWY, Richmond JB (eds). Child health, Nutrition and Physical Activity. Human Kinetics: Champaign, 1995, pp 179-204.

Sallis JF, McKenzie TL, Alcaraz JE, Kolody B, Hovell MF, Nader PR. Project SPARK. Effects of physical education on adiposity in children. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1993b;699:127-36.

Sallis J, Mckenzie TL, Alcaraz, JE et al. The effects of a 2-year physical education program (SPARK) on physical activity and fitness in elementary school students. American Journal of Public Health, 1997; 87: 1328-1334.

Simonetti D’Arca A, Tarsitani G, Cairella M, Siani V, De Filippis S, Mancinelli S, Marazzi MC, Palombi L. Prevention of obesity in elementary and nursery school schildren. Public Health 1986;100:166-73.

Simons-Morton B, Parcel G, Baranowski T, Forthofer R, O’Hara N. Promoting physical activity and healthful diet among children: results of a school-based intervention study. Amer J Public Health 1991;81:986-91.

Snyder P, Anliker J, Cunningham-Sabo L, Dixon LB, Altaha J, Chamberlain A, Davis S, Evans M, Hurley J, Weber JL. The Pathways study: a model for lowering the fat in school meals. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;69:810S-15S.

Stewart, Kerry J., Sheryl S. Gray, Jill R. Adler, Linda A. Densmore, Carol Brown, and Sheldon H. Gottlieb. Two year results from FRESH: An elementary school nutrition program for promoting cardiovascular health. Circulation 86 (4): II-144, 1992.

Story M, Mays RW, Bishop DB, Perry CL, Taylor G, Smyth M, Gray C. 5-a-Day Power Plus: Process evaluation of a multicomponent elementary school program to increase fruit and vegetable consumption. Health Educ Behav 2000;27:187-200.

Story M. School-based approaches for preventing and treating obesity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1999;23:S43-S51.

Swadener SS. Nutrition education for preschool children. J Nutr Educ 1995;27:291-7.

Teufel N, Perry C, Story M, Flint-Wagner H, Levin S, Clay T, Davis S et al. Pathways family intervention for third-grade American Indian children. Amer J Clin Nutr 1999;69:803S-809S.

Webber L, Osganian S, Feldman H, Wu M, McKenzie T, Nichaman M, et al. Cardiovascular risk factors among children after a 2 ½ year intervention – The CATCH Study. Prev Med 1996;25:432-41.

Williams CL, Squillace MM, Bollella MC, Brotanek J, Campanaro L, D’Agostino C, Pfau J, Sprance L, Strobino BA, Spark A, Boccio L. Healthy Start: a comprehensive health education program for preschool children. Prev Med 1997;27:216-23.

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Community-wide Prevention

Anderson AS, Cox DN, McKellar S, Reynolds J, Lean ME, Mela DJ. Take Five, a nutrition education intervention to increase fruit and vegetable intakes: impact on attitudes towards dietary change. Br J Nutr 1998;80:133-40.

Bauman, A.E., B. Bellew, N. Owen, and P. Vita. Impact of an Australian Mass Media Campaign Targeting Physical Activity in 1998. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 21(1):41-47, 2001.

Broussard BA, Sugarman JR, Bachman-Carter K, Booth K, Stephenson L, Strauss K, Gohdes D. Toward comprehensive obesity prevention programs in Native American communities. Obes Res 1995;3:289S-97S.

Cox DN, Anderson AS, Reynolds J, McKellar S, Lean ME, Mela DJ: Take Five, a nutrition education intervention to increase fruit and vegetable intakes: impact on consumer choice and nutrient intakes. British Journal of Nutrition 1998; 80:123-131.

Foerster SB, Gregson J, Beall DL, Hudes M, Magnuson H, Livingston S, Davis MA, Joy AB, Garbolino T. The California Children’s 5 a Day-Power Play! Campaign: evaluation of a large-scale social marketing initiative. Family and Community Health 1998. World Wide Web: http://www.findarticles.com/cf 0/m0FSP/nl v21/20460848/print.jtn (accessed 26 March 2001).

Hinkle AJ. Community-based nutrition interventions: reaching adolescents from low-income communities. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1997;817:83-93.

Jeffery RW. Community programs for obesity prevention: the Minnesota Heart Health

Program. Obesity Research 1995;3:283s-288s.

Kelder SH, Perry CL, Klepp K. Community-wide youth exercise promotion: long-term outcomes of the Minnesota Heart Health Program and Class of 1989 Study. J Sch Health 1993;63:218-23.

Kelder SH, Perry CL, Lytle LA, Klepp K. Community-wide youth nutrition education: long-term outcomes of the Minnesota Heart Health Program. Health Educ Res 1995;10:119-31.

LeMaster PL, Connell CM. Health education interventions among Native Americans: a review and analysis. Health Ed Quarterly 1994;21:521-38.

Pate RR, Trost SG, Mullis R, Sallis JF, Wechsler H, Brown DR.  Community interventions to promote proper nutrition and physical activity among youth.  Prev Med 2000;31:S138-S149.

Perry CL, Bishop DB, Taylor G, Murray DM, Mays RW, Dudovitz BS, Smyth M, Story M. Changing fruit and vegetable consumption among children: the 5-a-Day Power Plus Program in St. Paul, Minnesota. Am J Public Health 1998;88:603-9.

Perry CL, Kelder SH, Klepp K-I.  Community-wide cardiovascular disease prevention with young people: long-term outcomes of the Class of 1989 Study.  Eur J Public Health 1994;4:188-94.

Perry CL, Klepp KI, Sillers C. Community-wide strategies for cardiovascular health: the Minnesota Heart Health Program youth program. Health Educ Res 1989;4: 87-101.

Reger B, Wooten M, Booth-Butterfield S, Smith H. 1% or Less: A community-based Nutrition Education Program. Public Health Rep 1998;113:410-9.

Shea S, Basch C, Wechsler H, Lantigua R. The Washington Heights-Inwood Healthy Heart Program: a 6-year report from a disadvantaged urban setting. Amer J Public Health 1996;86:166-71.

Taylor T, Serrano E, Anderson J, Kendall P. "Knowledge, Skills, and Behavior Improvements of Peer Educators and Low-income Hispanic Participants After A Stage of Change-Based Bilingual Nutrition Education Program." J Community Health. 2000; 25(3):241-62.

Teufel NI, Ritenbaugh CK. Development of a primary prevention program: insight gained in the Zuni Diabetes Prevention Program. Clin Pediatr 1998;37:131-42.

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Pricing & Other Marketing Strategies

Buscher LA, Martin KA, Crocker S. Point-of-purchase messages framed in terms of cost, convenience, taste, and energy improve healhtful snack selection in a college foodservice setting. J Am Diet Assoc 2001;101:909-913.

French SA, Jeffery RW, Story M, Hannan P, and Snyder MP. A pricing strategy to promote low-fat snack choices through vending machines. Am J Public Health 1997a;87:849-851.

French SA, Story M, Jeffery RW, Snyder MP, Eisenberg M, Sidebottom A, Murray D. Pricing strategy to promote fruit and vegetable purchase in high school cafeterias. J Am Diet Assoc 1997b;97:1008-13.

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Nutrition Education/Knowledge

Auld GW, Romaniello C, Heimendinger J, Hambidge C, Hambidge M. Outcomes from a school-based nutrition education program alternating special resource teachers and classroom teachers. J Sch Health 1999;69:403-8.

Basdevant A, Boute D, Borys JM. Who should be educated? Education strategies: could children educate their parents? Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1999;23:S10-S13.

Blaylock JR, Variyam JN, Lin B. Maternal nutrition knowledge and children’s diet quality and nutrient intakes. Food and Rural Economics Division, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Report No. 1, 1999.

Brook U, Tepper I. High school students’ attitudes and knowledge of food consumption and body image: implications for school based education. Patient Educ Couns 1997;30;283-8.

Contento IR, Manning AD, Shannon BM. Research perspective on school-based nutrition education. J Nutr Educ 1992;24:247-60.

Johnson SR, Schonfeld DJ, Siegel D, Krasnovsky FM, Boyce JC, Saliba PA, Boyce WT, Perrin EC. What do minority elementary students understand about the causes of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, colds, and obesity? J Dev Behav Pediatr 1994;15:239-47.

LeMaster PL, Connell CM. Health education interventions among Native Americans: a review and analysis. Health Ed Quarterly 1994;21:521-38.

Lin B, Guthrie J, Blaylock JR. The diets of America’s children: influence of dining out, household characteristics, and nutrition knowledge. USDA, Agricultural Economic Report No. 746, 1996.

Murphy AS, Youatt JP, Hoerr SL, Sawyer CA, Andrews SL. Kindergarten students’ food preferences are not consistent with their knowledge of the Dietary Guidelines. J Am Diet Assoc 1995;95:219-23.

Natchipolsky M, Morgan A, Steen K, Schiferl M, O’Leary J. Food, physical activity & fun. What kids think. Key findings of a Gallup Survey (conducted from November through December 1994). 1995.

Patterson R, Satia J, Kristal A, Neuhouser M, Drewnowski A. Is there a consumer backlash against the diet and health messages? J Am Diet Assoc 2001;101:37-41.

Swadener SS. Nutrition education for preschool children. J Nutr Educ 1995;27:291-7.

Thakur N, D’Amico F. Relationship of nutrition knowledge and obesity in adolescence. Fam Med 1999;31:122-7.

Uzark K, Becker M, Dielman TE, Rocchini A, Katch V. Perceptions held by obese children and their parents: implications for weight control intervention. Health Ed Quart 1988;15:185-198.

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Social Marketing

Alcalay, R and Bell, RA. Promoting Nutrition and Physical Activity through Social Marketing: Current Practices and Recommendations. Center for Advanced Studies in Nutrition and Social Marketing, University of California, Davis, CA, 2000

Bauman, A.E., B. Bellew, N. Owen, and P. Vita. Impact of an Australian Mass Media Campaign Targeting Physical Activity in 1998. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 21(1):41-47, 2001.

Carroll A, Craypo L, Samuels S. Evaluating Nutrition and Physical Activity Social Marketing Campaigns: A Review of the Literature for Use in Community Campaigns. Davis, California: Samuels & Associates and the Center for Advanced Studies in Nutrition and Social Marketing, University of California, Davis. 2000.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Formative Research for a Campaign to Promote Healthy Weight Using Relevant Physical Activity and Nutrition Messages for Youth. Executive Summary. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Atlanta, GA. 2000.

Foerster SB, Gregson J, Beall DL, Hudes M, Magnuson H, Livingston S, Davis MA, Joy AB, Garbolino T. The California Children’s 5 a Day-Power Play! Campaign: evaluation of a large-scale social marketing initiative. Family and Community Health 1998. World Wide Web: http//www.findarticles.com/cf 0/m0FSP/nl v21/20460848/print.jtn (accessed 26 March 2001).

Harris K, Richter K, Schultz J, and Johnston J. Formative, process, and intermediate outcome evaluation of a pilot school-based 5-a-Day for Better Health Project. Amer J Health Promot 1998;12:378-81.

Nicklas TA, Johnson CC, Myers L, Farris RP, Cunningham A. Outcomes of a high school program to increase fruit and vegetable consumption: Gimme 5—a fresh nutrition concept for students. J School Health 1998;68:548-53.

Perry CL, Bishop DB, Taylor G, Murray DM, Mays RW, Dudovitz BS, Smyth M, Story M. Changing fruit and vegetable consumption among children: the 5-a-Day Power Plus Program in St. Paul, Minnesota. Am J Public Health 1998;88:603-9.

Samuels SE. Project LEAN: a national campaign to reduce dietary fat consumption. Am J Health Promot 1990;4:435-40.

Samuels SE. Project LEAN: lessons learned from a national social marketing campaign. Public Health Reports 1993;108:45-53.

Sutton SM. Developing social marketing messages for Covering Kids. Southern Institute on Children and Families. 2000

Thackeray R, Neiger BL. Establishing a relationship between behavior change theory and social marketing: implication for health education. J Health Educ 2000;31:331-5.

Wechsler H, Wernick SM. A social marketing campaign to promote low-fat milk consumption in an inner-city Latino community. Public Health Rep 1992;107:202-7.

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Physical Activity Interventions

Bauman, A.E., B. Bellew, N. Owen, and P. Vita. Impact of an Australian Mass Media Campaign Targeting Physical Activity in 1998. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 21(1):41-47, 2001.

Stone EJ, McKenzie TL, Welk GJ, Booth ML. Effects of physical activity interventions in youth. Am J Prev Med 1998;15:298-315.

Sallis J, McKenzie T, Alcaraz J, Kolody B, Faucette N, Hovell M. The effects of a 2-year physical education program (SPARK) on physical activity and fitness in elementary school students. Amer J Public Health 1997;87:1328-34.

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Environmental and Policy Interventions

Brownson RC, Schmid TL, Eyler AA, Pratt M, Murayi T, Mayer JP, Brown DR. Support for policy interventions to increase physical actvity in rural Missouri. Am J Health Promot 1999;12:263-66.

Brownson RC, Housemann RA, Brown DR, Jackson-Thompson J, King AC, Malone BR Sallis JF. Promoting physical activity in rural communitites: walking trail access, use, and effects. Am J Prev Med 2000;18:235-41.

Gabbei, R. and D. Hamrick. Using Physical Activity Homework to Meet National Standards. Journal of Physical Education and Dance, 72(4):21-26, 2001.

McGraw SA, Sellers D, Stone E, Resnicow KA, Kuester S, Fridinger F, Wechsler H. Measuring implementation of school programs and policies to promote healthy eating and physical activity among youth. Prev Med 2000;31:S86-S97.

Osganian S, Ebzery M, Montgomery D, Nicklas T, Evans M, Mitchell P, et al. Changes in the nutrient content of school lunches: Results from the CATCH Eat Smart food service intervention. Prev Med 1996;25:400-12.

Pronk NP, Boucher J. Systems approach to childhood and adolescent obesity prevention and treatment in a managed care organization. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1999;23:S38-42.

Sallis JF, Bauman A, Pratt M. Environmental and policy interventions to promote physical activity. Am J Prev Med 1998;15:379-97.

Schmid TL, Jeffery RW, Forster JL, Rooney B, McBride C. Public support for policy initiatives regulating high-fat food use in Minnesota: a multicommunity survey. Prev Med 1989;18:791-805.

Schmitz KH, Jeffery, R. Public health interventions for the prevention and treatment of obesity. Med Clin North Am 2000;84:491-513.

Snyder P, Anliker J, Cunningham-Sabo L, Dixon LB, Altaha J, Chamberlain A, Davis S, Evans M, Hurley J, Weber JL. The Pathways study: a model for lowering the fat in school meals. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;69:810S-15S.

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Treatment

Overview of Treatment

Barlow SE, Dietz WH. Obesity evaluation and treatment: Expert Committee recommendations. The Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration and the Department of Health and Human Services. Pediatrics 1998;102:E29.

Brownell KD, Wadden TA. The heterogeneity of obesity: fitting treatments to individuals. Behav Ther 1991;22:153-77.

Epstein LH, Myers MD, Raynor HA, Saelens BE. Treatment of pediatric obesity. (The Causes and Health Consequesnces of Obesity in Children and Adolescents). Pediatrics 1998;101:554-70.

Haddock CK, Shadish WR, Klesges RC, Stein RJ.  Treatments for childhood and adolescent obesity.  Ann Behav Med 1994;16:235-44.

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Obesity Education Initiative Expert Panel. Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults. Washington, DC, 1998.

Robinson TN. Behavioral treatment of childhood and adolescent obesity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1999a;23:S52-7.

Family-based Treatment

Brownell KD, Kelman JH, Stunkard AJ. Treatment of obese children with and without their mothers: changes in weight and blood pressure. Pediatrics 1983;71:515-23.

Epstein LH. Family-based behavioural intervention for obese children. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1996a;20:S14-21.

Epstein LH, Valoski A, Wing R, McCurley J. Ten-year follow-up of behavioral, family-based treatment for obese children. JAMA 1990;264: 2519-51.

Flodmark CE, Ohlsson T, Ryden O, Sveger T. Prevention of progression to severe obesity in a group of obese schoolchildren treated with family therapy. Pediatrics 1993;91:880-4.

Golan M, Fainaru M, Weizman A. Role of behavior modification in the treatment of childhood obesity with the parents as the exclusive agents of change. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1998;22:1217-24.

Golan M, Weizman A, Fainaru M. Impact of treatment for childhood obesity on parental risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Prev Med 1999;29:519-26.

Mellin LM, Slinkard LA, Irwin Jr, CE. Adolescent obesity intervention: validation of the SHAPEDOWN program. J Am Diet Assoc 1987;87:333-8.

Valoski A, Epstein LH. Nutrient intake of obese children in a family-based behavioral weight control program. Int J Obesity 1990;14:667-77.

Wadden T, Stunkard AJ, Rich L, Rubin CJ, Sweidel G, McKinney S. Obesity in black adolescent girls: a controlled clinical trial of treatment by diet, behavior modification, and parental support. Pediatrics 1990;85:345-52.

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School-based

Botvin GJ, Cantlon A, Carter BJ, Williams CL. Reducing adolescent obesity through a school health program. J Pediatr 1979;95:1060-2.

Brownell KD, Faye FS. A school-based behavior modification, nutrition education and physical activity program for obese children. Am J Clin Nutr 1982;35:277-83.

Christakis GS, Sajecki S, Hillman RW, Miller E, Blumenthal S, Archer M. Effect of a combined nutrition education and physical fitness program on the weight status of obese high school boys. FASEB J 1966;25:15-19.

Collipp PJ. An obesity program in public schools. Pediatr Ann 1975;1:276-82.

Davis K, Christoffel K. Obesity in preschool and school-age children: treatment early and often may be best. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1994;148:1257-61.

Figueroa-Colon R, Franklin FA, Lee JY, von Almen TK, Suskind RM. Feasibility of a clinic-based hypocaloric dietary intervention implemented in a school setting for obese children. Obes Res 1996;4:419-29.

Foster GD, Wadden TA, Brownell KD. Peer-led program for the treatment and prevention of obesity in the schools. J Consult Clin Psychol 1985;53:538-40.

Lansky D, Brownell KD. Composition of school-based treatments of adolescent obesity. J School Health 1982;52:384-7.

Lansky D, Vance MA. School-based intervention for adolescent obesity: Analysis of treatment, randomly selected control and self-selected control subjects. J Consul Clin Psychol 1983;51:147-8.

Mo-suwan L, Pongprapai S, Junjana C, Puetpaiboon A. Effects of a controlled trial of a school-based exercise program on the obesity indexes of preschool children. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68:1006-11.

Ruppenthal B, Gibbs E. Treating childhood obesity in a public school setting. J School Health 1979;49:569-71.

Seltzer CC, Mayer J. An effective weight control program in a public school system. Am J Public Health 1970;60:679-89.

Story, Mary. School-based Approaches for Preventing and Treating Obesity. International Journal of Obesity, (1999), 23, Suppl. 2 S43-S51.

Zakus G, Chin ML, Cooper H, Makovsky E, Merrill C. Treating adolescent obesity: a pilot project in a school. J School Health 1981;51:663-6.

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Physical Activity in Treatment

Becque MD, Katch VL, Rocchini AP, Marks CR, Moorehead C. Coronary risk incidence of obese adolescents: reduction by exercise plus diet intervention. Pediatrics 1988;81:605-12.

Cohen CJ, McMillan CS, Samuelson DR. Long-term effects of a lifestyle modification exercise program on the fitness of sedentary, obese children. J Sports Med Phys Fit 1991;31:183-8.

Epstein LH, Coleman KJ, Myers MD. Exercise in treating obesity in children and adolescents. Med Sci Sports Exer 1996b;28:428-35.

Epstein LH, Paluch RA, Gordy CC, Dorn J. Decreasing sedentary behaviors in treating pediatric obesity. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2000;154:220-6.

Jette M, Varry W, Pearlman L. The effects of an extracurricular physical activity program on obese adolescents. Can J Public Health 1979;68:39-42.

Sallis JF, McKenzie TL, Alcaraz JE, Kolody B, Hovell MF, Nader PR. Project SPARK. Effects of physical education on adiposity in children. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1993;699:127-36.

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Dietary Treatment

Becque MD, Katch VL, Rocchini AP, Marks CR, Moorehead C. Coronary risk incidence of obese adolescents: reduction by exercise plus diet intervention. Pediatrics 1988;81:605-12.

Figueroa-Colon R, Franklin FA, Lee JY, von Almen TK, Suskind RM. Feasibility of a clinic-based hypocaloric dietary intervention implemented in a school setting for obese children. Obes Res 1996;4:419-29.

Figueroa-Colon R, von Almen TK, Franklin FA, Schuftan C, Suskind RM. Comparison of two hypocaloric diets in obese children. Am J Dis Child 1993;147:160-6.

Ikeda JA. Dietary approaches to the treatment of pediatric overweight. Pediatr Clin N Amer 2001 (in press).

Nuutinen O. Long-term effects of dietary counselling on nutrient intake and weight loss in obese children. Eur J Clin Nutr 1991;45:287-97.

Pinelli L, Elerdini N, Faith MS, Agnello D, Ambruzzi A, De Simone M, Leggeri G, Livieri C, Monetti N, Peverelli P, Salvatoni A, Seminara S, Uasone R, Pietrobelli A. Childhood obesity: results of a multicenter study of obesity treatment in Italy. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 1999;12:795-9.

Wadden TA. Treatment of obesity by moderate and severe caloric restriction. Results of clinical research trials. Ann Intern Med 1993;229:688-93.

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Other (Treatment)

Sothern MS, von Almen TK, Schumacher HD, Suskind RM, Blecker U. A multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of childhood obesity. Del Med J 1999;71:255-61.

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