adapted from Kristensen & Skalsky (1999)
see also the Tree of Life web project
Some useful references:
Friedlander, Regier, Mitter, Wagner, Fang. 2000. Evolution of heteroneuran Lepidoptera (Insecta) and the utility of dopa decarboxylase for Cretaceous-age phylogenetics. Zool. J. Linn. Soc.130(2):213-234.
Krenn, Kristensen. 2000. Early evolution of the proboscis of Lepidoptera (Insecta): External morphology of the galea in basal glossatan moths lineages, with remarks on the origin of pilifers. Zoologischer Anzeiger 239:179-196.
Kristensen. 1984. Studies on the morphology and systematics of primitive Lepidoptera (Insecta). Steenstrupia 10(5):141-191.
Kristensen. 1999. Handbook of Zoology: Lepidoptera, moths and butterflies. deGruyter, NY. {particularly Chapter 2: Phylogeny and palaeontology. by Kristensen & Skalski. pp.7-26}
Minet. 1991. Tentative reconstruction of the ditrysian phylogeny (Lepidoptera: Glossata). Entomologica Scandinavica 22:69-95.
Wiegmann, Mitter, Regier, Friedlander, Wagner, Nielsen. 2000. Nuclear genes resolve Mesozoic-aged divergences in the insect order Lepidoptera. Mol. Phyl. Evol. 15:242-259.
Wiegmann, Regier, Mitter. 2002. Combined molecular and morphological evidence on the phylogeny of the earliest lepidopteran lineages. Zoologica Scripta 31:67-81.
Please direct comments and questions to: Peter Oboyski