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You may or may not be new to the region and development related problem that you are researching. If you are having trouble getting off to a start on your research effort then try some of these ideas to rouse your mental processes. The following are just a few suggestions that could be both helpful and fun.

A. Check out local book stores

Sections to inspect:

1. Travel / photography - browse through travel guides Check out and photo books of the country-side

2. Area studies - check out categories such as Economics, Political Science, etc to get a perspective of your area.

B. Check out newspapers FROM your country

Places that carry international newspapers:

1. Newspaper stands

2. Hoover Institute at Stanford (for more details see Section II)

3. International Studies Library on campus

C. Examine maps of the country and region

Go to the Map Room located in the Main Library (Doe) to explore the variety of information on visual display. For each country there are generally several maps to look at. Map sources vary, from the National Geological Society to the CIA. Information that you will want to look for would be: demographic, physiographic, agriculture, etc. You can even make a photocopy of one for continual reference during your research.

To get a photocopy made: check out the map with your student ID and take it to one of the many copy services around. Library Copy Service (located lower level of the Main Library) charges 75 cents per square foot for a 1:1 copy.

D. Take in a video/documentary on your country

There are many documentaries covering a wide range of issues and regions which are readily accessible and convenient for getting oriented on the issues of your region.

Try the following:

1. The best source is the Moffitt Media Resources Center (MRC) which carries video cassettes and discs on a variety of countries. The best way to find out what they offer is to visit the MRC. The next best method is to search Melvyl for a partial listing. For Melvyl, select the TEN database and limit your search to library -> UCB library and form -> VIDEORECORDINGS.

2. Local public libraries carry video cassettes for public use. Try the main branches of both Oakland and Berkeley.

3. Local video shops may carry some documentary type films. Smaller shops are probably better at providing such videos.

E. Check with local cultural/ethnic clubs and associations

Now or later, trace out through course staff and others those who know firsthand about those regions you are focusing on. This is often a great way of learning how people of those regions really feel about the problem/dynamics/issues. As a cautionary and practical note: this approach may not be worthwhile if you haven't familiarized yourself first with the region and the development problem.

IF YOU KNOW SPECIFICALLY WHAT PROJECT YOU ARE CONCENTRATING ON (i.e. Dam Project, Oil Development in ..., etc.) YOU MIGHT WANT TO BEGIN WITH ONE OF THE FOLLOWING SOURCES.

First, try to focus only on those sources that shed light on the problem in more broad strokes. You have plenty of time later to tighten your focus on detailed aspects that you feel is important to the analysis of your research. The following "idea" sources may be useful at any of the three levels: Global - State - Project/Local.

A. UCB On-Line Database Searches

The computer catalogs Melvyl and Gladis are excellent resources to use. Spend some time searching through your preferable catalog. However, much more detailed database searches are best done later on, after you are somewhat oriented in your project. TWO of these databases, Agricola and CAB, are now accessible via MELVYL; the others must be accessed from the Library computers. We strongly recommend using these CD-ROM systems.

If neither system is familiar to you then a good place to begin is in Melvyl, the UC-wide on-line catalog. It is more flexible and easy to use than Gladis and has more options to search with. IF YOU NEED HELP DON'T BE AFRAID TO ASK THE REFERENCE LIBRARIANS.

MELVYL: When using Melvyl it is important to limit your search to UCB libraries. A good place to begin would be searching title words (TW) mainly in the MAGS and Current Contents (CC) databases. One cautionary word is to stay away from spending too much time searching under subject headings; title words or key words can be far more useful in the beginning. Also try the Social Science index under CC.

Tips on locating subject headings:

1. Use the Library of Congress reference guides situated behind the Reference Desk in Moffitt. General headings give plenty of related or more precise subject headings for you to use in Melvyl or Gladis.

2. Display the subject headings assigned to listings you have already found. These can offer more relevant/related articles when you use them in your FIND commands.

B. Government Documents Library

You will find much of your information related to UN and country level documents, statistics and aid information here. Gov Docs has the UN Yearbooks, FAO Yearbooks and World Bank Development Reports. The reference librarians there can be very helpful in finding data you might not have been able to find elsewhere. There is also a United Nations Index database on the computer which can help locate materials.

NOTE: UCB Gov Docs is strong in some areas and weak in others. If you go to the Hoover Institute at Stanford (see Hoover Institute listed below) BE CERTAIN NOT TO MISS THE STANFORD GOV DOCS LIBRARY WHICH IS SEPARATE FROM THE HOOVER INSTITUTE.

C. Contact Local Resource/Research Centers

These centers have the advantage of holding concentrated information on specific regions and certain issues. You will find grassroots journals and publications, relevant South newspapers and clippings, and other information often not available through mainstream channels, activist and research-oriented materials not available in UC libraries, etc. IMPORTANT NOTE: for the community-based NGOs listed below, it is crucial that our class members understand that their job does NOT include taking care of our term paper needs, but rathere, engaging in the projects and endeavors of their own jobs. So please call first and make sure that a visit to obtain some information is OK with them, and then do not expect someone to be able to discuss your project with you. Please come back and discuss your findings, etc. with your instructors, and then perhaps establish some contact with one of the NGO staffers if that appears to be of mutual benefit. Your instructors can also be helpful in facilitating such contact, and it might lead to something interesting in the future, such as a field study, internship, etc.

1. The ESPM Undergraduate Resouce Center:

Great for browsing! The Resource Center can be helpful in providing information about natural resources, cultural area stuff, and more. Many NGO newsletters and publications, environmental journals and other specific indigenous area resources can be found. There are many pamphlet files available for your use too. As an ESPM student, you can have a membership at the resource center, which includes an online account, access to printing, computer use, etc.!

2. The Data Center:

This center focuses on Central and South American resources, but you can also find some Africa material. It is located at 464 19th Street in Oakland, by the 19th Street BART (near Emporium Capwells).. There is a fee for using it, but it is well worth it for many topics. Excellent place to start a project, but CALL to discuss your interest with them (briefly!!), in order to make sure that their resources are pertinent to your topic. We have not updated the amount of this usage fee, but it is surely increased From the $7.00 one of earlier times. There is also a xerox machine available. For more information call 835-4692.

3. Hoover Institute at Stanford:

This resource is invaluable as it has many international academic journals, particularly those from Third World countries. You can call the librarian for information on how and when to use this center.

4. Guatemala News and Information Bureau:

Located just down the hall from the Data Center (see The Data Center for location). This center has a library which includes mostly documents coming from the field by locals, translations from PeaceNet, and their newsletters and focusing primarily on human rights issues. They do have some things which cover economic development and environmental degradation. Records are mainly in English with some in Spanish. Also some books are for sale. Library hours are Mon & Thr from 1 to 5 pm and Wed from 1 to 7 pm. For more information call 835-0810.

5. International Rivers Network.

This NGO has a reference library that is accessible for public use, and there is a user fee that is well worth the investment if you are dealing with a river system that they have been concerned with. It is an extremely friendly (but busy! Like all NGOs in the area!) Place, so please be !sensitive to the fact that people cannot take time to answer your questions. Use the materials, and bring your questions back to campus! Their own publications, & those that they cooperate in, are also available at their office. TEL: 510-848-1155
Address: 1847 Berkeley Way. Berkeley, CA 94703

6. Food First.

This NGO works intensively with both international and domestic issues Concerning food security, development (largely agricultural, but related issues as Well), and policy issues concerning these problems. It is a major place our develop- ment students have worked as volunteers and sometimes as staff assistants (in one case, as a book co-author). There is a wealth of material available at Food First, but it is not set up with an open resource library, so you must call first and have a specific interest. Food First literature is also available at their office (mostly for purchase; some free), but it is generally availiable at the ESPM Resource Center, as well. TEL: 510- 654-4400 Address: 398 60th Street, Oakland, CA 94618

7. South-Meso American Indian Information Center (SAIIC):

Located at 1212 Broadway in Oakland near the 12th Street BART station. Mail Address: PO Box 28703 Oakland California, 94602. For more information call 834- 4263. or 834-4265. This is an NGO intensively involved in native rights issues, and Like Food First and International Rivers Network, it is one where a number of Our students have done volunteer work. Again, expect a user fee and be sensitive to the concerns of staffers there. Their publication, Abyala News, ia available there and also in the ESPM Resource Center.

8. The Haas School of Business at UCB.

All business & econ. Sources detailed below. Note: This list is by no means complete. Also see a few other resources centers on Final Methodology Notes.

9. Rainforest Action Network

A major Rainforest NGO dealing with the protection of the rainforest and the rights of people who live there. They are located at 221 Pore Street Suite 500, San Francisco, CA 94004. For more information call 415-398-4404.

D. Other Campus Libraries

You will find that the concentration of your library findings will be concentrated in a few libraries. The following are just a few of those libraries that likely will be most useful:

1. International Studies Library:

Browse this excellent source for international newspapers, journals, as well as books and other documents. This is located in Stephens Hall, on the second floor. The librarians here are very helpful as well.

2. BioSciences Library:

Geared toward ecologically related information. Things like environmental degradation and other related aspects often will be located here. Browse some of the periodicals in the back room too. More about what this branch has to offer in the upcoming handout.

3. Business and Economics Library:

Particularly helpful only for those who will be dealing with TNCs in their research. This library contains 10K (SEC filings) and corporate annual reports for public companies as well as other source listings for private firms.

E. Miscellaneous Sources

Harvard Business School 1993-94 Catalog of Teaching Materials:

Helpful particularly for those whose projects include North-based TNCs. This index includes factual business cases covering issues around the globe. A case study can provide excellent information into what companies perceive the issues and problems to be. The catalog provides a listing of case studies with which you can place an order directly from HBS or at Kinko photocopy centers. The cost is about $8/each study (p&h is extra).

The following are a few helpful notes for saving time and headaches. Keep them in mind as you conduct your research.

A. Know WHAT to look for...not only WHERE.

B. Always check the bibliography, footnotes, and references sections in the back of books and articles to lead you to other books and articles.

C. Plot your own country's spider diagram as you go. Draw the directional influences and annotate arrows with your references as you identify important findings. Use a diagram for ideas/subjects to do further research on.

D. Utilize librarians. Ask for help! "How do I find...?" "Where do I find...?"

E. Use an outline. This will help to keep you focused on the issues and maintain a helpful flow.

F. Other points to keep in mind as you work:

1. What is the problem?

2. Who are all directly involved? Indirectly?

3. Where is the pressure point and who/what is driving it?

4. What alternative solutions have been tried and what could be tried?

5. Points stressed in class lectures

6. Analyzing the dynamics of any problem varies over time. In other words don't look at the situation as static over time.

This help list should provide sufficient assistance to get you safely into the realm of campus databases with some genuine results. It is not an exhaustive look at searching databases but rather tips to get you going. However, the key to any serious research effort is to be thorough and methodogical. Although this document focuses on being the latter, the former is implicit throughout the whole process. Note: For specific references made throughout this document refer to two other handouts: "CD-ROM Databases: Methodology Notes II" and "Final Methodology Notes"

I. Strategy

Simply said, not having a strategy will help to waste your time and energy. Having one will make your efforts worthwhile. Even a simple one is better than nothing. Answering the following questions will help you to formulate this strategy.

A. What are the major components of my project/paper?

Concentrating on major components of your project topic will be the most productive use of your time. Make your effort a 3-5 prong effort ensuring that you find adequate literature to formulate the foundation to your paper and also to reduce the likelihood of fragmented results. Looking at the dimensions of your project in the form of an outline can be useful. However, if you haven't gotten to the outline stage, intuition of what is important might be sufficient to get going. (One note of caution: Don't attempt to cover all "relevant" dimensions. Just pick 3-5 of the most important ones.)

B. What type of information do you need?

The nature of the project that you are concentrating on will likely determine the types of material you will need. If, for example, you are researching local participatory efforts then mainstream literature may not be the best place to concentrate your efforts on. Newsletters and personal interviews of first-hand accounts might therefore yield greater results than say would a book. Use common sense in plotting out what materials to focus on.

Ex's: Books, Government Documents, Journal Literature, Newsletters, Personal Interviews, Statistics, Doctoral dissertations, etc.

C. Can you find sufficient material?

While UCB contains one of the largest concentrations of materials you may still find it difficult to locate the specific information required to analyze and write your paper. Some topics/countries, more than others, have been given far greater attention by "Northern" academics, multilateral organizations, among others. For example, for a country such as Guatemala an abundance of literature may be available, unlike say on Vietnam. If you uncertain whether or not there is sufficient resources, one way would be to ask. Find someone who knows. Ask reference librarians or your professor.

D. Is there sufficient time available?

Another problem which many students encounter is trying to cover more material than can be thoroughly treated before your paper is due. Again, focusing on primary dimensions and also using an outline, no matter how rough it may be, can help yield consistent, good results.

II. Key Terms

Before sitting down in front of a terminal or a computer to begin searching, compose a list of key terms you will use to formulate search word phrases. Without doing this your searches may end up being far too broad and resulting in thousands of entries. Another typical result would be to find little or nothing.

A. Formulate a list of key terms to be used for searching

If you have trouble coming up with more than one or two key terms then seek out other sources. Some source material(s) exist primarily to act as a beginning place for research. For ideas on what terms to start with, examine any of the following:

1.The Library of Congress Subject Catalog (LCSC) - [See "Final Methodology Notes" Section III.A., Primary Bibliographies, a.]

2. Key articles that you already have.

3. Subject Encyclopedias - [See "Final Methodology Notes" Section III.A., Subject Encyclopedias]

B. Maintain a working/growing list

As you make progress and find literature keep in mind terms that may reoccur. Add these to your key terms list to help you intensify your searches. Some of these additional terms may be more important than those which you started with. In this case start using them right away. On the other hand, some terms are more productive in refining your research efforts later on down the road. Nevertheless, keep track of all relevant terms.

III. Sources

There are many places to begin. One good thing about this is you are likely to find something no matter where you start. However, the key point is to utilize your time most productively and efficiently.

A. Melvyl vs Gladis

Two major databases are available on campus, Melvyl and Gladis. Gladis is strictly dedicated to holdings of U.C. Berkeley. Melvyl on the other hand spans the holdings for the entire U.C. system, including all of what Gladis holds and more. Melvyl is updated regularly with changes directly from Gladis. So only minor differences are to be expected. While Gladis can often be useful, Melvyl is the place to begin. Melvyl has a built in flexibility and forgiveness of inexact or incomplete search phrases. Furthermore, it also houses some indexes which don't exist at all in Gladis, such as those for periodical contents.

B. Books vs Periodicals

In the past books have been the dominant literature source used. In the recent past, a large amount of periodical information has flooded the scene. Recent technological advances have advanced periodical literature to the limelight in detailing and analyzing current events. For books, it usually takes many months, even years (if at all), to publish on the same topical event. In that time, subsequent findings may have come forth and are likely reported in up-to-date professional journals and the like. Therefore, start by examining periodical literature first. However, the importance of books should not be understated. The level of information and analysis found with books is generally more extensive and therefore should not be overlooked.

There is one major problem which plagues a primary reliance on periodical literature - a significant proportion of periodical contents are not indexed in any single computerized database. In fact there are many different periodical sources/indexes. A few exist right on Melvyl: MAGS, CC, etc. This translates into an overlap between periodical indexes. This means you may find the same entry in two different indexes. For the time being one just has to live with this fact.

C. Other Sources

To supplement the periodical indexes available from any library catalog terminal there are two other sources you should pay attention to. These are CD-ROM databases and printed indexes.

1. CD-ROM Databases

Mini databases are scattered throughout campus libraries on individual computers. These databases are often referred to as CD-ROM databases. Each CD-ROM gives particular attention to one field or several directly related fields of study. Each individual computer may have several CD-ROM databases housed there. Each represents an excellent concentration of periodical content listings for their respective fields of study. [See CD-ROM Databases: Methodology Notes II for a selected listing.]

a. Searching

The procedure to conduct a search is extremely easy. Easy to follow instructions are always found somewhere on the screen. First, you may be asked to select which CD-ROM database you want to begin searching. Follow the few prompts you are asked. Then, once you have reached the FIND prompt, begin by entering broad terms. The number of listings matching your request are shown on the screen. If this results in too many then modify your search term by adding an additional term separated by AND.

b. Results

Listings that you want to note can be "marked", "flagged" or "tagged" by the program. This means that you can go on to other listings but still easily identify those you've selected as relevant. Once you have gone through the results of your find request you can either print what you have marked or else copy them over to a floppy diskette that you need to bring with you. Instructions for both are available on screen menus under PRINT or DOWNLOAD options.

2. Printed Indexes

If you have little success from Melvyl and CD-ROM databases, or you just want to expand your findings, then there are a number of printed indexes that can be very helpful. You could begin by examining which indexes to look at. Do this by looking at periodical index guides. [See "Final Methodology Notes" Section III.B., Guides To Periodical Indexes] Or, begin by using one of those from a selected list. [See "Final Methodology Notes" Section III.B., A Selected List of Periodical Indexes and Abstracting Services] Most reference material such as these are found in the Reference Room of Doe Library (Main).

IV. Searching On Melvyl

Here are a few basic command tips which will greatly improve your search effort. Begin by using a Melvyl dedicated terminal or by starting Melvyl (m) from the menu options of dual Melvyl-Gladis terminals.

A. Selecting an index

The two indexes on Melvyl to pay particular attention to are MAGS (articles to 1,500 indexed magazines and journals) and CC (Current Contents to 6,500 scholarly journals). To start or switch to one or the other just type in => MAGS (or) CC. mags

B. Limiting Terms

A few terms/commands can be used to limit the type of results your FIND requests will flush out. This reduces the amount of unwanted or useless listings within your search results. Typically those that you would want to use deal with campus location, language of the literature, and published dates. To begin with merely set the library (i.e. campus) location. Later on you can include other limiting terms.

set lib ucb

Because Melvyl comprises all of the holdings for the U.C. campuses you should begin by limiting the results to U.C. Berkeley.

set lang english

U.C. Berkeley does contain holdings in other languages. If you only speak/read english then this may be important. For those fluent in the local language, this limiting command is probably unnecessary.

set date 1991-1994

Each index will allow you to limit the article dates to specific time windows. This limiting command is generally not useful unless you are searching for specific literature sources. For more information on other variations of this command, type in => exp set date.

Note: Limiting terms apply ONLY to the index you were in when you initiated the limitation. Once you have switched to another index, merely enter the limiting command again.

C. Search Requests

1. Constructing Search Requests (Queries)

The basic search request/query has the following structure:

find [subindex] [search words]

The letter f can be abbreviated for the word find. Also to get help on any command or concept enter:

e [command] (or) [concept]

2. Subindex codes

kw (Key Word) By far the most wide reaching. This will examine the title, subject, abstract, and some notes fields.

tw (Title Word) Searches only words in the title and subtitle of articles.

jo (Journal) Searches in the serial or journal title.

au (Author) Searches for personal author name. The best method of constructing a name is in the form of: [Last name], [First name or Initial]. su (Subject) Searches in subject and cross-reference headings assigned to the article.

3. Displaying results

Type display (or d) to see the results of your FIND request that retrieves some article citations. By default listings (citations) are displayed in the Short format. The Short format includes the authors, title, issue and page numbers of the journal where the article appears. To see only selected citations enter the numeric range or individual citation numbers after the display command.

Ex: d 7 8 10-15

D. Intensifying/Sharpening Search Results

There are a few methods to refine your search results or to combine multiple "find" queries into one step.

and -

Used to combine different criteria. Use this to restrict/reduce the number of listings retrieved.

Ex: f kw honduras agriculture and au stonich, susan

or -

Used to broaden or to combine separate but queries which would likely yield smaller results.

Ex: f tw mexico free trade or tw mexico agriculture

# -

THIS IS VERY USEFUL! Use this to truncate key terms which could have any variety of suffixes. There must be at least three characters of the root word to use this option. For example: To find any variation on Somalia such as Somalia, Somali, Somalis, Somalian, etc. truncate Somalia at the point where the root word is the same for all.

Ex: f kw somali# nomad#

E. More On Search Results

There are a few other tips to make the whole experience more pleasant. Each one has to do with either selecting or manipulating citations that you want to take note of. Once you have learned to combine these database search tips you will be able to produce faster and more complete results.

1. More Displaying Tips

Besides the Short format there are three other useful formats: Long, Review and field display.

d long The Long format displays every field including location except for abstract and text fields.

d rev The Review format displays each listing in a three line review. This is extremely useful when the number of citations are numerous and you haven't found a way to narrow your search down more.

d [field code] This display format allows you complete flexibility in what you want displayed. Any of the following, and more, can be used individually or in combination: au (Author), ti (Title), jo (Journal), loc (Library location), su (Subject heading).

Ex's: d 6-10 rev d 4 long d 4-9 su

2. Saving Citations

It is nearly impossible to find a terminal on campus that you can directly print Melvyl findings. One option is to save individual citations (or entire searches) as you work through search results to "Lists." Once you have finished your search session you can either download them to your computer or send the list to an email account. All results are done in one step. Another advantage is that if you can switch from say MAGS to CC and those saved citations are still there...saved.

Citations can only be "saved" from the current search result your working with. To save a citation type in save [citation number] (or) [numeric range].

Ex: save 4 6-11

To display the citations you have saved simply insert the word list immediately following the display command.

Ex's: d list

d list 1 2

3.Texts/Abstracts

Within the MAGS index citation abstracts and complete texts are often available for screen viewing. If one or both are available the citation will indicate this with Long or Short display formats. To view either use the field display format code after the display command.

Ex's: d 6 abs d 6 text

4. Downloading Lists

If you are working from a computer (i.e. not a terminal) then you may be able to capture to screen citations saved in your "list." Both Macs and IBMs have utilities with which to do this. For the Mac the menu option is often called "Save Stream." For the IBM look for something called "Save Text." Consult the software instructions for your own computer.

To release the contents from your "list" in a steady stream add continuous to the end of your display list command. This will remove the "Next Screen" prompts and display continuously screen after screen each citation without pause. The following example will display all the contents of your "list" at U.C. Berkeley library locations in one continuous stream (where loc ucb affirms your desire for U.C. Berkeley locations only).

Ex: d list loc ucb abs continuous

5. Sending to E-mail

If you have an email account you can send the contents of your "list" directly to that account as though it were mail. For large findings, the contents will be subdivided into smaller email packets. For the proper command structure of sending results refer to on-line help => e mail

F. Quick Example

mags

set lib ucb

set lang english

f kw costa rica ecotourism

d rev s

ave 2-3

d list

The following comprises those resources located in the Business & Economics Library which should lead to an abundance of information for public corporations and some printed material on private companies. Since private companies are not required to make public their financial positions or other company interests it can prove to be more of a research task. Sections III and IV may be particularly helpful in finding related publications that provide general information regarding company issues and activities.

Note: Acknowledgment must go to the author(s) of Berkeley Business Guide #4: Sources of Information About U.S. Companies available in the Business & Economics Library; With which, portions of the following information was easily gathered.

I. CORPORATE HISTORY AND DESCRIPTION

International Directory of Company Histories:

St. James Press. Bi-Annual. Provides detailed information on the historical development of the world's largest and most influential public, private and state-controlled companies. (Reference: HD 2721 D36)

II. FINANCIAL INFORMATION ON PUBLIC CORPORATIONS

A. 10K reports (SEC filings) and Corporate Annual Reports:

There are many file cabinets full with reports on microfiche. Dated information includes 1976 to the present. There are Miscellaneous Corporate reports that cover 1969-75. It is important to remember that only parent corporation reports are found here. Subsidiaries are only listed under their respective parent corporations.

B. Compact Disclosures (CD-ROM):

This computer database gives a listing of more than 12,000 public companies. Type of information included: Annual/Qtrly accounting reports over past 5 yrs; annual uses and sources of funds (past 5 yrs); names of officers and directors; names of subsidiaries; abstracts of extraordinary events; ownership information; and other filings. Be sure to look through this database.

III. CURRENT NEWS AND INFORMATION

A. Predicasts F&S Index:

Located in the Reference area, this printed index includes business information on companies, industries, and applied technologies of over 750 financial publications, business oriented newspapers, trade journals, and special reports. Annual publications list journal articles under subject headings. This can be very useful for finding information tied to a specific company, both public and private.

B. Business Periodicals Index:

Similar to the Predicasts F&S Index. Located in the Reference area, this printed index of about 400 business journals lists articles in about companies, some non-profit organizations and other subject headings. Can be helpful in locating economic perspectives and analyses in specific countries.

C. Standard and Poor's Register of Corporations, Directors and Executives:

Volume 1 lists over 55,000 U.S. and Canadian corporations; volume 2 provides brief biographical information on 70,000 executives; and volume 3 provides geographical and product indexing for the listed companies. (Reference: HG 4057 P6)

IV. CORPORATION DIVISIONS, SUBSIDIARIES AND FOREIGN OPERATIONS

A. America's Corporate Families and International Affiliates:

Dun's Marketing Services. Annual reportings. Covers over 11,000 ultimate parent companies and over 70,000 subsidiaries, divisions, and major branches. (Reference: HG 4057 A146)

B. Directory of American Firms Operating In Foreign Countries:

Lists the foreign operations of U.S. companies by country and by company. (Reference: HG4538 A1 D5)

C. International Directory of Corporate Affiliations:

National Register Publishing Company. Annual reportings. A comprehensive directory which lists foreign parents of U.S. firms, U.S. owned foreign affiliates and subsidiaries, and contains a tradename list by product name back to firm. (Reference: HG4009 I5)

The following are a selected group of CD-ROM databases located throughout the UCB campus. These databases operate separate from the campus catalogs Melvyl and Gladis on individual personal computers. Each database specializes on providing information on a narrow subject. The type of information provided is generally in a catalog format listing articles from related journals. However, there are some CD-ROM databases that provide non-standard catalog information such as statistics, government filings, and more. Also, in many branch libraries new CD-ROM databases are becoming available all the time. Contact those branches whose holds are directly relevant to your research area for additional databases.

This handout lists CD-ROM databases in diminishing relevance. Some databases will have less relevance to your particular topic than others. So don't spend time on those that are not directly concentrated on your research. Each description is followed by the library in which that specific CD-ROM database is located. Directions on usage is generally provided at the computer. If you have questions or problems don't hesitate to ask for help.

Group I

These should provide a wealth of information on your topics. Be certain to utilize many or all of these.

AGRICOLA (1970-):

covers various fields of agriculture including agricultural economics, entomology, horticulture, nutrition, plant diseases, and soils. 90% of the indexed records describe journal articles and book chapters, and the remaining 10% describe monographs, series, microforms, audiovisuals, maps, and other types of materials. Together they provide worldwide coverage of the agricultural literature. The 1984 to present AGRICOLA files contain older state and U.S. material as well as current information because the older records are continually being added to the database. (Biosciences Library)

TREECD (1939-1991):

Covers all aspects of the ecology and management of natural plantation forests and agroforestry systems; pests, diseases and abiotic injuries of woody plants; biology and genetics of wood plants; wood properties; and the production, properties and marketing of forest products. TREECD includes all records from the journals Forestry Abstracts, Forest Pro- ducts Abstracts and Agroforestry Abstracts from their beginnings. The data- base provides international coverage of the forestry field. It references journals, monographs, conferences, theses, and annual reports. (Biosci. Library)

ETHNIC NEWSWATCH:

Indexes and provides full-text articles from newspapers and other periodicals published by the ethnic and minority press in the U.S. Includes English and Spanish-language search option. Covers 1992. Updated quarterly. (Check with Main Library Information Desk for location)

UNITED NATIONS INDEX:

Indexes all publications of the United Nations' major bodies, including limited and restricted documents--as well as publications of related organizations such as the UN Development Programme, UN Environment Programme, and the UN Conference on Trade and Development. Covers 1990-present, quarterly updates. (Government Documents Library).

LEGALTRAC:

Indexes over 800 English-language legal journals and newspapers. Covers 1970-present; updated monthly. Often provides great factual background documents not easily found anywhere else. Information Access Company. (Law Library)

SOCIAL SCIENCES INDEX:

Indexes articles from over 353 journals in subjects such as area studies, political science, geography, sociology and psychology. Covers 1983-present; updated quarterly. Wilson. (Environmental Design Library)

COMPACT DISCLOSURE:

Provides numerical and some textual information on U.S. publicly held corporations from documents filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Coverage: approximately 5 years of data; updated monthly. (Business/Social Sciences Library)

AQUATIC SCIENCES AND FISHERIES ABSTRACTS (1982-):

An international database on all aspects of marine, freshwater, and brackish environments. Subjects include biology, ecology, fisheries, aquaculture, oceanography, limnology, resources and commerce, biotechnology, marine technology and engineering, pollution, non-living resources (oil, gas, minerals, chemicals, energy),and marine meteorology and climatology. The database also covers the socio-economic and legal aspects of the aquatic sciences. ASFA citations and abstracts are drawn from journals, reports, monographs, dissertations, grey literature, and conference / meeting proceedings. (Biosciences Library)

Group II

These will also have strong relevance to your topics. However, these may be more specifically targeted and not yield as many results.

NATIONAL TRADE DATA BANK: THE EXPORT CONNECTION:

Compilation of 80 thousand documents and statistical tables from 15 Federal agencies containing foreign trade information. October 1990 to present. (Government Documents Library).

ECONLIT:

The CD-ROM version of Journal of Economic Literature and Index of Economic Articles. The database indexes and abstracts article citations from over 300 major journals, selected books and dissertations in the worldwide literature of economics. Coverage: indexes, 1969-present; abstracts, 1987- present. Updated quarterly. Silver Platter. (Business/Social Science)

ABI/INFORM:

Indexes 850 business and economics journals and provides 150-word abstracts of the articles. Coverage: latest 5 years; updated monthly. University Microfilms. (Business/Social Sciences Library)

PAIS (Public Affairs Information Service):

Indexes and abstracts articles, books and reports in the fields of public policy, economics, government, etc. Includes materials in English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish. Covers 1972-present; updated quarterly. Online Computer Systems. (Check with Main Library Information Desk for location)

CIS STATISTICAL MASTERFILE:

3 statistical databases are combined and contain records for publications issued by: Internat'l intergovernmental organizations (1938-), U.S. federal government (1973-), state governments, professional/trade associations, business/university/independent research organizations (1980-). --updated quarterly. (Government Documents Library)

GENERAL PERIODICALS ON DISC:

Indexes & abstracts 450 journals; provides full- text for approximately 200 of them. Covers 1986-present for indexing and abstracts, 1989-present for full-text; updated monthly. University Microfilms. (Check with Main Library Information Desk for location)

ENVIRO/ENERGYLINE ABSTRACTS (1986-1992):

focuses on 3 topics. The first is the impact of humans and technology on the environment which includes air, water, and noise pollution. The second topic is energy research & developments involving resource consumption and conservation, economics, and industrial applications of energy sources and technologies. The third topic highlights the sources, causes and effects of acid deposition. Natural resource management is also included. This database includes domestic and international journals, books academic and government reports and conference proceedings. (Biosciences Library)

SELECTED WATER RESOURCES ABSTRACTS:

Produced by the U.S. Geological Survey, this database indexes journal and report literature on water-related aspects of the life, physical and social sciences. Covers 1967-present; updated quarterly. (Water Resources Center Archives)

Group III

This final group will generally provide less productive results than the other two groups. Nevertheless, they may contain information useful to you. It is recommended to utilize those databases in the first two group fully before moving on to these.

DISSERTATION ABSTRACTS:

Provides indexing and bibliographic information on more than 900,000 U.S. and foreign doctoral dissertations and master's theses. Includes abstracts for titles added after July, 1980. Corresponds to the print source Dissertation Abstracts International. Covers 1861-present; updated semi-annually. University Microfilms. (General Reference Service, Main Library)

TOXLINE:

From the U.S. National Library of Medicine, contains references to published material, unpublished reports and research in progress in the areas of environmental pollution, drug toxicity, carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, teratogenesis, pesticides, occupational hazards, radiation and toxicological analysis. Coverage is worldwide, in all languages. Covers 1981-present; updated quarterly. Silver Platter. (Public Health Library)

by Robert Morgan

This concludes a series of handouts dealing with research methodology tips. What is included here are those other campus libraries concentrating materials relevant to your research projects. It also lists additional resource centers in the East Bay and San Francisco which may be useful. And finally specific tips on conducting bibliographic searches, focusing partly on UCB campus on-line catalog searches and also on using printed resources. Selected resources comprised in this Methods handout are primarily geared towards international development issues. And thus reflect only those which correspond accordingly.

I. Other Campus Libraries

Besides the UCB campus libraries mentioned before (Government Documuents, International Studies, BioSciences, and the Business & Economics Libraries) there are a couple of other libraries which focus on area studies and governmental literature.

South/Southeast Asia Library Service, 438 Main Library

Maintains collections of books, monographs, periodicals, newspapers, etc. on areas of interest such as: anthropology, economics, environmental design, geography, history, national/local government publications, political science, sociology and more. Countries focused on include: Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Maylaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam, among others. A country catalog is available.

Institute of Governmental Studies Library, 109 Moses Hall

Non-circulating collection consisting primarily of pamphlets and periodicals relating to administration, planning, finance, federal government and various pressure groups among other things. Complements the subject coverage of the Business & Economics Library.

II. Additional Resource Centers

The following are resource center organizations which may also be helpful to your research. Since they are larger centers they will contain substantially more than most non-governmental types.

World Affairs Council of Northern California Library

Their focus is mainly on international relations, trade, envioronmental issues for specific areas including Latin America, Asia and Africa. Their strength lies in their topical concentration of books, documents, pamphlets and materials from other organizations involved with international relations. Also of particular interest is their cassette recordings of over 300 W.A.C. associated conferences. Use of the library is free to the public, but circulation of holdings is limited to members only. Students wishing to become members can pay the annual fee of $15. The library is open 10am - 5pm, Monday through Friday except for Wednesday's when they remain open until 7pm. For further questions call them directly at (415) 982-0430. They are located at 312 Sutter Street, 3rd Floor, San Francisco.

The Sierra Club

Areas of interest weigh more heavily towards domestic-related but also include international topics concerning: environmental policy & issues, land use and conservation. Their holdings include periodicals, documents and more importantly a substantial collection of newsletters from a wide range of non-profit organizations and governmental agencies. You must make an appointment to gain access of their non-circulating collection. Appointments can be made for times from 1:30 to 5:00, Tuesday through Friday by calling (415) 923-5589. Photocopies can be made there at 10 cent per page. They are located at 730 Polk Street, San Francisco between Eddy and Ellis.

If at this point you haven't found what you are looking for, or just want to talk with other organizations then this may help you out:

World Without War Council, Inc.

Located in Berkeley, this organization is primarily helpful for their extensive guide on Bay Area organizations dealing with international affairs. You can use this guide to locate organizations which are local and many being very small but are highly specialized. Call (510) 845-1992 to inquire about their guide.

III. Researching Tips for Conducting Bibliographic Searches

The following sections provide detailed information about getting more from your efforts using different types of resources located on the UCB campus: Reference Materials, Periodicals, Newspapers, Other Indexes, and Government Documents. Each section primarily provides a select listing of useful materials: guides, indexes, etc. Only general comments regarding the why a particular resource can be useful are included. Certain tips are included when they seemed helpful in saving research time.

Note: Acknowledgement must go to the School of Library and Information Studies' Methods of Library Use: Handbook for Bibliography I, published July 1992; With which, a great deal of the following information was easily gathered.

A. Reference Materials

Located chiefly in the Reference Hall of Doe Library (Main) reference resources usually provide a place to begin research. If you are unfamiliar with the topic and the relevant subject nuances then bibliographies and index guides can be a great way to jump in. These guides will help you in a few specific ways: Direct you to other index guides specific to the applicable topic; List bibliographic information on relevant titles; And will help you formulate various specific keyword phrases for on-line searching.

Primary Bibliographies

A general point of entry into the topic of concern. The Library of Congress is most noteworthy of the three as a starting point.

a. The Library of Congress Subject Catalog is a cumulative subject bibliography of works currently received and cataloged by the Library of Congress. Very helpful in suggesting subject and cross reference headings which are used in Melvyl and Gladis.

b. Books in Print (BIP) is an annual trade bibliography listing around 700,000 titles published. An annual Supplement lists forthcoming books. Listings are by subject, author and title.

c. The Cumulative Book Index (CBI) is an extensive listing of all English language books published worldwide. Updates are quarterly with semiannual cumulations.

General Guides to Reference Materials

These guides serve to narrow your direction from an entirely broad beginning. They will refer other printed reference works which narrow down in scope.

a. Eugene P. Sheehy's Guide to Reference Books, 10th ed., 1986. Provides references to other specific reference books arranged by broad subject areas.

b. Walford, Alfred J., Guide to Reference Materials, Volume 2, 1982. Another guide similar to Sheehy.

c. The Bibliographic Index (BI) includes separately published bibliographies as well as those found in books, pamphlets and journal articles containing at least 50 citations.

How-To-Find Guides to Specific Subject Fields

a. Burrington, Gillian A., How to Find Out About Statistics, Oxford and New York: Pergamon Press, 1972.

b. Daniells, Lorna M., Business Information Sources, Rev. ed., Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985.

c. Elias, Stephen, Legal Research: How to Find and Understand the Law, 2nd ed., Berkeley: Nolo, 1986.

d. Fletcher, John, Information Sources in Economics, 2nd ed., Boston: Butterworths, 1984.

e. Mayros, Van., Business Information: Applications and Sources, Radnor, PA: Chilton, 1983.

f. Research Guide to Central America and the Caribbean, Madison: University of Wisconsin

g. Southeast Asian Research Tools, [Honolulu]: Southeast Asian Studies, Asian Studies Program, University of Hawaii, 1979.

Subject Encyclopedias

Subject Encyclopedias can be a great launching point. Key information provided are: persons, issues and terms. They then serve in building a conceptual beginning point.

Note: Encyclopedias are inherently biased towards mainstream expertise. The full spectrum and dynamics of highly relevant issues are generally missing from these encyclopedias and are, therefore, of limited use.

Agriculture and Food Science:

Foods and Food Production Encyclopedia, 1982.

Anthropology:

Peoples of the Earth, 1972.

Area Studies:

a. Cambridge Encyclopedia of Africa, 1981.

b. Cambridge Encyclopedia of Latin America and the Caribbean, 1985.

c. Encyclopedia of the Third World, 1982.

Business:

a. Encyclopedia of Banking and Finance, 1983.

b. Encyclopedia of Management, 1982.

Earth Sciences:

The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences, 1981.

Economics:

New Palgrave; A Dictionary of Economics, 1987.

Education:

Encyclopedia of Careers and Vocational Guidance, 1990.

Environmental Sciences:

a. Encyclopedia of Climatology, 1987.

b. Encyclopedia of the Environment, 1988.

c. Water Encyclopedia, 1990.

Geography:

a. Countries of the World, 1988.

b. Dictionary of Human Geography, 1981.

c. Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Physical Geography, 1985.

d. Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations, 1988.

History:

a. African Encyclopedia, 1974.

b. Encyclopedia of the Third World, 1987.

Peace & Conflict Studies:

World Encyclopedia of Peace, 1986.

Women's Studies:

International Encyclopedia of Sociology, 1981.

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How To Find Other Reference Materials

Use Melvyl or Gladis subject catalogs to search in the following format for new and/or expanded listings:

[SUBJECT] -- [APPROPRIATE SUBDIVISION]

The following are "subdivisions" used in the subject catalogs:

-- ABSTRACTS

-- ATLASES

-- BIBLIOGRAPHY

-- BIO-BIBLIOGRAPHY

-- BIOGRAPHY

-- CATALOGS

-- CONCORDANCES

-- DICTIONARIES

-- DICTIONARIES AND ENCYCLOPEDIAS

-- DIRECTORIES

-- FILM CATALOGS

-- GUIDE-BOOKS

-- HANDBOOKS, MANUALS, ETC.

-- MAPS

-- STATISTICS

-- YEARBOOKS

B. Periodicals

Periodicals are located throughout the entire UCB library system. The largest compilation of current issues going back one and sometimes to as much as two years are located in the Periodical Room of Doe Library (Main). Otherwise Moffitt library and other branch libraries will house the remainder of holdings.

Periodicals are often very important in providing current, in-depth information much unlike books. Furthermore, some important findings will go many years without being published in book format. Periodical indexes flush out a vast amount of literature which is still largely unrecorded electronically - although this is changing. However, periodical indexes may not index all articles in a given issue or magazine. Furthermore a great many periodicals are never examined in the first place for inclusion in printed and on-line sources. Thus you may have to use more than one source to gain satisfying results.

Guides To Periodical Indexes

Since there are few single sources which include all periodicals related to a specific subject, many resourceful periodicals can be inadvertantly overlooked. The combined use of these guides can expose a number of important topical periodicals which will round out many research efforts. Look for cumulated indexes published separately which span many years. A lot of time can be saved by searching through cumulated volumes instead of searching through each individual issue. Check any periodicals listed in the following guides in Melvyl under the PEriodicals database to find out where they are located.

a. Harzfeld, Lois, Periodical Indexes in the Social Sciences and Humanities: A Subject Guide, Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow, 1978.

b. Gray, Richard, Serial Bibliographies in the Humanities and the Social Sciences, Ann Arbor: Pierian, 1969.

c. Vesenyi, Paul E., An Introduction to Periodical Bibliography, Ann Arbor: Pierian, 1974.

Citation Indexes

Sometimes a key article, book, etc, has been found but is quite dated and subsequent information has not been readily available. A citation index can help locate more current information and resources that have cited this key article. One of a few types of periodical indexes: periodical indexes; abstracting services, annual bibliographies, etc. Citation indexes are based on the subject relationship between a cited work and the more recent publications that cite this work. This leads from an older work to the more recent works citing it.

a. Science Citation Index (SCI), 1961-

b. Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), 1966-

Each of these indexes are composed of three sections: the Citation Index, the Permuterm Index and the Source Index.

1. "The Citation Index section is created from the footnotes and bibliographies of the journals indexed. It is organized alphabetically by cited authors. Grouped under each cited item are the newer articles that have cited that earlier work." Entries are not bibliogrphically complete. Entries lack title, journal issue and ending page.

2. "The Source Index section contains the bibliographic information for citing articles. To obtain complete information for the citing articles listed under the known item, you must use the corresponding Source Index section. The Source Index is organized alphabetically by citing authors." The most complete bibliographic information is located in this section.

3. "The Permuterm Index contain keyword pairs of citing article titles from the Source Index. Each keyword is paired with every other keyword in the title, so that a subject search via title keywords is possible."

Checklist - Using Periodical Indexes

a. Look for an explanation of the contents and organization in the front of the index.

b. Locate the key to abbreviations, especially abbreviations used for the titles of periodicals indexed, usually found in the front of the index.

c. Determine the time periods covered by each issue or cumulation, and select those with the most appropriate time period for your research, e.g. the most recent issues, the issues published when an event occurred, or when the most writing was published on a topic.

d. Search all relevant subject headings, paying close attention to cross-references.

Periodical Directories

These directories lead to periodicals in print, not articles, and are most often organized by subject and geographical origin. Information is provided telling where a particular periodical is indexed.

a. Standard Periodical Directory, 1976-

b. Ulrich's Internation Periodicals Directory, 1932-

c. Irregular Serials and Annuals, an International Directory, 1967-

d. Bowker International Serials Database Update

A Selected List of Periodical Indexes and Abstracting Services

General:

a. Alternative Press Index, 1969-

b. The Left Index: A quarterly Index to Periodicals of the Left, 1982-

c. Readers' Guide to Periodical Literature, 1905-

d. New Periodicals Index, 1977-

Sciences:

a. Biological and Agricultural Index, 1916-

b. General Science Index, 1978-

Social Sciences:

Social Sciencs Citation Index, 1969-

Area Studies:

a. Current Bibliography on African Affairs, 1962-

b. Handbook of Latin American Studies, 1935-

c. Hispanic American Periodicals Index, 1977-

d. International African Bibliography, 1971-

Economics:

a. International Bibliography of Economics, 1955-

b. Journal of Economic Literature, 1969-

Environmental Studies:

a. Environment Abstracts and Environment Index, 1971-

b. Environmental Periodicals Bibliography, 1972-

c. Pollution Abstracts, 1970-

Geography:

a. Current Geographical Publications, 1938-

b. Geo Abstracts, 1972-

Law:

a. Index to Legal Periodicals, 1908-

b. Legal Resource Index, 1980- (on microfiche)

Sociology:

a. Human Resources Abstracts, 1966-

b. Social Work Research & Abstracts, 1977-

Women's Studies:

Studies on Women Abstracts, 1983- C.

Newspapers

"One of the most important firsthand or primary sources available to you is the newspaper." Through the use of newspaper articles you can often get a "feel" for the period, not forthcoming from books and journal articles. Most of what follows is located in the Reference section of the Newspaper/Microcopy division or the Reference Hall of Doe.

Directories

Printed directories provide the most complete lists of newspapers found. Most are arranged geographically, but some special newspapers are listed under subject indexes.

a. Ayers Directory of Newspapers and Periodicals, 1880-

b. Willing's European Press Guide, 1968-

c. Lutz, William D., Underground Press Directory, 1969.

d. Underground Press Collection: Listing of Contents 1963-1985

Indexes

Only the major newspapers are generally indexed. Only a few other indexes that have been assembled since 1958.

a. New York Times Index, 1851- Useful in narrowing down your search chronologically. "Once a time frame has been established, local unindexed newspapers can be used."

b. Index to the [London] Times, 1906-

c. Wall Street Journal Index, 1958-

d. Washington Post Index, 1972-

News Summaries/Services and Composite Newspaper Indexes

a. Facts on File, 1940- A weekly world news digest. Since the issues are usually prompt, it can serve as a "current encyclopedia."

b. Keesing's Contemporary Archives, 1931- A weekly news summary. A valuable feature is the inclusion of texts of speeches and documents.

c. African Recorder, 1962-

d. African Diary, 1961-

e. Asian Recorder, 1955-

f. Nepal Press Digest, 1965-

g. Alternative Press Index, 1969-1971, 1974- An index to underground and alternative newspapers and magazines.

h. NewsBank, 1976- & Newsbank Plus, 1981- (Available on CD Rom). Includes not only a number of state-capital and "second-size" newspapers from the U.S. but also indexed articles on microfiche.

Microcopy Collections in the Newspaper/Microcopy Division

Many materials available on microform have not been "analyzed" and cataloged separately on UCB catalogs. Access to many thousands of such items can be gained only by using specialized guides, indexes and bibliographies.

"Library Orientation Leaflet No. 12, Microcopy Collections, is a list of 89 collections, with the guides, indexes and bibliographies which must be used to access the contents of the collections."

D. Other Indexes

"Materials shorter than book length, such as plays, poems and essays, are often published in collections or anthologies. The contents of these collections are not listed separately in the library catalogs, and they are usually not indexed in periodical indexes. Access to these forms exists through special bibliographies of collections," also called indexes, not to be confused with periodical indexes.

How to Find Indexes to Collections

a. Look in the subject catalogs under [SUBJECT] -- INDEXES.

b. Browse in the reference collection of the appropriate library. In General Reference these indexes are shelved in a section called "Indexed Books."

Indexes to Collections

a. Essay and General Literature Index (EGLI), 1900- Indexes collections of essays on all subjects, and is particularly stron g in the humanities and social sciences.

b. Dissertation Abstracts International (DAI), 1938-

c. Comprehensive Dissertation Index, 1861-1972, 1973-1977, 1978-1982, 1983- Detailed subject access to DAI is provided.

E. Government Documents

A depository library for publications from the U.S., Candada, California, the United Nations, U.N.E.S.C.O. and other government entities. Publications are also received from European, Latin American, African and Asian countries, and from international organizations. The primary function of government documents is to record the transactions of governmental "business."

U.S. Legislative Index

CIS Index (Congressional Information Service. Index of Publications of the United States Congress), 1970- Consists of three parts, the Index, the Abstracts, and the Legislative History volumes.

Finding U.S. Legislative Materials

a. Foreign Broadcast Information Service: Daily Report (FBIS) Provides translations and analyses of foreign broadcasts, news accounts, newspapers, periodicals, and goverment statements.

b. Transdex An index to translations of foreign documents, scholarly works, research reports, conference reports, economic and technical reports in all fields of the social, physical and biological sciences.

c. Government Reports Announcements and Index (GRA&I) An index to the results of U.S. and foreign goverment sponsored reasearch and development and engineering. Lists abstracts of the technical reports available from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS). The CD Rom version is located in the Engineering Library.

United Nations Documents

a. International Bibliography (Formerly IBID) Index to recently issued publications of the United Nations and other international orgaizations arranged by broad subject categories. A list of the international organizations whose publications are indexed is located in the front of each issue.

b. UNDOC: Current Index, 1979- Comprehensive checklist with full bibliographic descriptions of most UN documents. Also available on CD Rom as "Index to United Nations Publications," 1990-present.

Statistics Indexes and Sources

a. Index to International Statistics (IIS), 1983- Indexes and abstracts statistical information published by international and intergovermental organizations.

b. United Nations, Statistical Yearbook Summary of world statistics, as reported to the Statistical Office of the United Nations, covers population, finance, agricultural and industrial production, housing, etc. Particulary useful for comparative statistics of different countries.

Directories

a. United States Government Manual Official handbook of the Federal Government providing comprehensive information on the agencies of each federal branch. Also includes information on quasi-official agencies, international organizations in which the US participates, and board, committees, and commissions. A "Sources of Information" section provides details on consumer activities, contracts and grants, employment, publications, and other areas of public interest.

b. Yearbook of International Organizations Provides many indexes to it thousands or organizations listed.

[Getting Started] [Researching] [Other Notes] [Searching Database]
[Researching Corporations and Other Companies] [CD-ROM Databse Methodology] [Final Methodology]

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